• The English word ‘Communication’ is derived from the Latin 
   term “Communis”
  • Communis: 
            to transmit, impart
            to make common
           sharing and interaction
  Communication is a dynamic process
  It involves a continuous sending and receiving of messages
  Messages may be conscious or unconscious,
    intentional or unintentional.
  Communication is a varied set of processes 
  It uses different means such as 
  verbal, non-verbal, visual, audio, audio-visual methods.
  Definitions:
  Peter Little: “Communication is the process by 
   which information is passed between 
   individuals and/or organisations by           
   means of previously agreed symbols.”       
  Keith Davis:  Communication is “the transfer of 
   information and understanding from  one 
   person to another.”
  • The Communication Cycle/ Process
  • Encoding/Decoding/Feedback
  • Communication takes place with the help of symbols.
  • A symbol is  a sign which stands for an object or idea.
  • When a set of symbols is agreed upon by two or 
   more people we call it a code.
  • All languages are codes of one kind or another.
  • When a message is sent out in a code it is called 
   encoding.
  • When the code is translated and understood by the 
   receiver, it is called decoding.
                                        Public
                                                                Decoded 
                   Coded                                        message
                   message
                             encoder                signal         decoder          Receiver
          Sender
                           Decoded                                  Encode 
                           message                 Public           message
   • Feedback
   • It is the reaction or response which is communicated to the sender
   • Characteristics
   1. Feedback is obtained all the time
   2. Can be positive or negative
   3. Immediate or delayed
   4. Verbal or non-verbal
   Need for feedback
   5. It helps us to understand and be understood.
   6. It extends communication.
   7. Increases accuracy and confidence.
   8. Reduces doubt & hostility.
   Characteristics of Human Communication
   9. The meaning of the message depends on the social and cultural situation, economic, 
    political and personal context in which it is delivered.
   10.Dynamic and ongoing, continuous process.
   11.The elements or components of communication are inter-related or connected.
   12.People communicate wholly and entirely.
   13.Human communication requires a channel or medium.