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      Personality & Human Behaviour
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                        
                                                                                                        
             Subject: PERSONALITY & HUMAN BEHAVIOUR                                                                                                                                  Credits: 4 
                                                                                                        
                                                                                            SYLLABUS 
              
              
             Personality: Meaning, Nature of Personality, Classification, Sources of Influences upon Personality, 
             Approaches, Psychoanalytical Theory - Sigmund Freud - Structures and Functional Levels Of Mind, 
             Psychosexual Development - Nature Of Anxiety, Jung’s Analytical Theory - The Structure and the Dynamics of 
             Personality - Characteristics 
              
              
             Adler’s Individual Psychology - Inferiority - Superiority - Style of Life - Creative Self , Fictional Goals And 
             Social Interest Principles, Eric Fromm - Social Analytical Theory - Karen Horney , Social And Cultural Theory 
             Sullivan ,Interpersonal Theory, The Structure And The Dynamics Of Personality , Development Of Personality, 
             Erickson’s – Social Development Theory 
              
              
             Levin’s Field Theory, The Structure And The Dynamics Of Personality, Development Of Personality, 
             Characteristics Research And Methods, Kelly’s Cognitive Theory - Personal Construct Theory - Assumption Of 
             Human Nature, Rogee`s Phenomena Logical Theory - Murray 
              
              
             Abraham Maslow - Self-Actualization -Hierarchy Of Needs , Development Of Personality, Allport - Trait 
             Theory ,Meaning Of Functional Autonomy – Characteristics - Human Nature, Cattell`s Factor Theory - The 
             Structure Of Traits, The Development Of Personality And Characteristics 
              
             Suggested Readings: 
              
                   1.  Duane P. Schultz, Theories of Personality, Cengage Learning 
                   2.  P. Subba Rao, Organisational Behaviour, Himalaya Pub. House 
                   3.  Stephen P. Robbins, Organisational Behaviour, Pearson Education Australia 
                                                                           PERSONALITY 
                                  
                                 STRUCTURE  
                                            Learning Objectives 
                                            Meaning 
                                            Characteristic of personality 
                                            Dimensions of personality 
                                            Sources of influences upon personality 
                                            Approach 
                                            Psychoanalytical theory 
                                            Structure and functional levels of Mind 
                                            Psychosexual development 
                                            Nature of Anxiety 
                                            Jung‘s  Analytical  theory—the  structure  and  the  dynamics  of 
                                            personality characteristics 
                                            Review Questions 
                                  
                                 LEARNING OBJECTIVES  
                                 It is expected that after reading this unit, you will be able to: 
                                            Understand and discuss the concept of personality; 
                                            Understand different definitions of personality; 
                                            Understand the characteristic features of personality; 
                                            Understand and discuss in your own words different dimensions of 
                                            personality;  
                                  
                                 MEANING  
                                      The word ―personality‖ has been derived from the Latin word ―persona‖ 
                                 which means a mask worn through an actor while performing a character on 
                                 the stage. Therefore personality is taken to mean the characteristic pattern or 
                                 style of behaviour of the person revealed from his external appearance. The 
                                 external  properties  of  a  person  contain  his  dress,  speech,  bodily  actions, 
                                 postures,  habits  and  expressions.  Therefore  a  person  endowed  with  good 
                                 external properties is measured to possess a good personality and vice versa. 
                                 But you know this is not the reality. Mere external properties can not create a 
                                 personality. And if we go through this concept how and where would we rate 
                                 the personality of persons like Mahatma Gandhi, Lal Bahadur Shastri. George 
                                 Bernard Shaw and several others whose external appearance was not highly 
                                 endowed. These persons are certainly not favored through nature in external 
                                 properties. So, it was realized that personality incorporated something more 
                                 than external properties and the concept of external appearance in personality 
                                 was relegated to background. 
                                      The word personality now stood for an all inclusive concept. It is the sum 
                                 total of an individual‘s properties as a separate and unique human being. The 
                                 external properties are directly observed, while the internal are only inferred 
                                 from the behavior of a person. The concept of personality is a derived concept. 
                                 The derivation is possible in three methods: 
                                            The  first  is  subjective,  popular  derivation  based  on  subjective 
                                            impressions formed through the individual‘s behavior and is expressed 
                                            through  evaluative  expressions  like  charming,  dominating,  weak  or 
                                            bold personality. 
                                            The  second  derivation  of  personality  is  based  on  an  objective 
                                            description of the overt responses of the individual. 
                                            The third derivation is organism according to which personality is the 
                                            inner pattern of a person‘s characteristics. 
                                  
                                      In the first unit of this block, we intend to discuss several definitions of 
                                 personality,  characteristics  features  of  personality  and  dimension  of 
                                 personality. We shall highlight definitions of personality from several angles 
                                 like, popular definitions, political definition, psychological definition, and so 
                                 on. We shall discuss how personality is organized, why we call it a dynamic 
                                 system. While discussing dimensions of personality, we shall highlight trait 
                                 dimension and motivation dimension. Allport‘s definition of personality best 
                                 represents third concept. 
                                       
                                 Definitions Of Personality  
                                      Allport  (1961)  personality  is  the  ―dynamic  organization  within  the 
                                 individual  of  those  psycho-physical  systems  that  determine  his  unique 
                                 adjustment to his environment‖ It means that personality ―resides‖ within the 
                                 individual and these systems are woven into an organization. Personality is not 
                                 static but dynamic, the organizational pattern determines the kind and degree 
                                 of adjustment of the individual to his environment, and this adjustment-pattern 
                                 is unique to the individual. With the Latin meaning of the term personality 
                                 taking  backseat  and  acceptance  of  personality  as  an  all  inclusive  concept 
                                 scientists from different disciplines of knowledge approached personality from 
                                 different  angles.  Their  efforts  can  be  summarized  under  the  following 
                                 headings.