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Introduction to Arabic
Grammar
Lesson 9
Single, Dual and Plural ﻊ ﻤ ﺟ و ﺔ ﯿ ﻨ ﺜ ﺗ و ﺪ ﺣ وا
Section 3.5
َعجوَةينث توَدحاو – Singular, dual and plural
َدحاو – Singular: It is an ism which denotes one of something.
e.g. لجر one man
َ
َةينث ت – Dual: It is an ism which denotes two of something. It is formed by placing at the end of
ِ
a singular ) دحَاو( one of the following:
َ
ِ ِ
An ف ْ َ أ preceded by a fathah and followed by a نو ن with a kasrah i.e. ] ناﹷ[ for ع فَ ْا ُ ْت حَ.
ا ِاة َ َ
ِ
) ةر و س ك م نو ن تهدَ ِو حو ت ف م ت ه ل ب ق ت م ف ْ َ أ (
َ ا َ ا َ َ اََ اَ ََاَ َ
ِ
e.g. نلجر two men
َ َ
ِ ِ
A ء يَ preceded by a fathah and followed by a نو ن with a kasrah i.e. ] ن يﹷ[ for ب ص ةن ْ ا ُ ْت حَ
َ ا ا ا َ َ
ِ
َ لْاو . ) ةر و س ك م نو ن تهدَ ِو حو ت ف م ت ه ل ب ق ت م ء يَ(
ا ا َ َ ا ا ََاَ
َ َ َ َ ا ََ َ َ َ
ِ
e.g. يلجر two men
اَ َ
َعج – Plural: It is an ism which denotes more than two of something.
ِ
e.g. لتجر men
َ
ِ ِ
Note: The نو ن of َُّنث ت and عج is dropped in case of ُ فت ض إ.
ا َ اَ اَ ِ َ َ
ِ
e.g. ديم تمل ق (Originally ديم نتمل ق but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
اَ َ ََ اَ َ ََ ا َ َ
ِ ِ
لجر تسَ ف (Originally لجر نتسَ ف but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
َ َ ََ َ َ ََ ا َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َصم وملسم (Originally َصم نوملسم but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
َا ا ا َا َ ا ا ا َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ملع و بْتط (Originally ملع نو بْتط but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
ا ا َ ا َ ا َ ا َ َ
EXERCISE
1. Translate the following into Arabic.
i. The boy’s two bicycles.
ii. The farmer’s two servants.
iii. Your parents came.
iv. I saw your parents.
v. The servants of deen.
vi. The teachers of the school.
67
Section 3.5
َعجوَةينث توَدحاو – Singular, dual and plural
َدحاو – Singular: It is an ism which denotes one of something.
e.g. لجر one man
َ
Single, Dual and Plural ﻊ ﻤ ﺟ و ﺔ ﯿ ﻨ ﺜ ﺗ و ﺪ ﺣ وا
َةينث ت – Dual: It is an ism which denotes two of something. It is formed by placing at the end of
ِ
a singular ) دحَاو( one of the following:
َ
ِ ِ
An ف ْ َ أ preceded by a fathah and followed by a نو ن with a kasrah i.e. ] ناﹷ[ for ع فَ ْا ُ ْت حَ.
ا ِاة َ َ
ِ
) ةر و س ك م نو ن تهدَ ِو حو ت ف م ت ه ل ب ق ت م ف ْ َ أ (
َ ا َ ا َ َ اََ اَ ََاَ َ
ِ
e.g. نلجر two men
َ َ
ِ ِ
A ء يَ preceded by a fathah and followed by a نو ن with a kasrah i.e. ] ن يﹷ[ for ب ص ةن ْ ا ُ ْت حَ
َ ا ا ا َ َ
ِ
َ لْاو . ) ةر و س ك م نو ن تهدَ ِو حو ت ف م ت ه ل ب ق ت م ء يَ(
ا ا َ َ ا ا ََاَ
َ َ َ َ ا ََ َ َ َ
ِ
e.g. يلجر two men
اَ َ
َعج – Plural: It is an ism which denotes more than two of something.
ِ
e.g. لتجر men
َ
ِ ِ
Note: The نو ن of َُّنث ت and عج is dropped in case of ُ فت ض إ.
ا َ اَ اَ ِ َ َ
ِ
e.g. ديم تمل ق (Originally ديم نتمل ق but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
اَ َ ََ اَ َ ََ ا َ َ
ِ ِ
لجر تسَ ف (Originally لجر نتسَ ف but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
َ َ ََ َ َ ََ ا َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َصم وملسم (Originally َصم نوملسم but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
َا ا ا َا َ ا ا ا َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ملع و بْتط (Originally ملع نو بْتط but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
ا ا َ ا َ ا َ ا َ َ
EXERCISE
1. Translate the following into Arabic.
i. The boy’s two bicycles.
ii. The farmer’s two servants.
iii. Your parents came.
iv. I saw your parents.
v. The servants of deen.
vi. The teachers of the school.
67
Section 3.5
َعجوَةينث توَدحاو – Singular, dual and plural
َدحاو – Singular: It is an ism which denotes one of something.
e.g. لجر one man
َ
َةينث ت – Dual: It is an ism which denotes two of something. It is formed by placing at the end of
ِ
a singular ) دحَاو( one of the following:
َ
ِ ِ
An ف ْ َ أ preceded by a fathah and followed by a نو ن with a kasrah i.e. ] ناﹷ[ for ع فَ ْا ُ ْت حَ.
ا ِاة َ َ
ِ
) ةر و س ك م نو ن تهدَ ِو حو ت ف م ت ه ل ب ق ت م ف ْ َ أ (
َ ا َ ا َ َ اََ اَ ََاَ َ
ِ
e.g. نلجر two men
َ َ
ِ ِ
A ء يَ preceded by a fathah and followed by a نو ن with a kasrah i.e. ] ن يﹷ[ for ب ص ةن ْ ا ُ ْت حَ
َ ا ا ا َ َ
Single, Dual and Plural ﻊ ﻤ ﺟ و ﺔ ﯿ ﻨ ﺜ ﺗ و ﺪ ﺣ وا
ِ
َ لْاو . ) ةر و س ك م نو ن تهدَ ِو حو ت ف م ت ه ل ب ق ت م ء يَ(
ا ا َ َ ا ا ََاَ
َ َ َ َ ا ََ َ َ َ
ِ
e.g. يلجر two men
اَ َ
َعج – Plural: It is an ism which denotes more than two of something.
ِ
e.g. لتجر men
َ
ِ ِ
Note: The نو ن of َُّنث ت and عج is dropped in case of ُ فت ض إ.
ا َ اَ اَ ِ َ َ
ِ
e.g. ديم تمل ق (Originally ديم نتمل ق but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
اَ َ ََ اَ َ ََ ا َ َ
ِ ِ
لجر تسَ ف (Originally لجر نتسَ ف but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
َ َ ََ َ َ ََ ا َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َصم وملسم (Originally َصم نوملسم but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
َا ا ا َا َ ا ا ا َ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ملع و بْتط (Originally ملع نو بْتط but the نو ن was dropped due to ُ فت ض إ.)
ا ا َ ا َ ا َ ا َ َ
EXERCISE
1. Translate the following into Arabic.
i. The boy’s two bicycles.
ii. The farmer’s two servants.
iii. Your parents came.
iv. I saw your parents.
v. The servants of deen.
vi. The teachers of the school.
67
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