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5420469 ch04 02 p147 156 6 27 06 8 21 am page 147 lesson personality style personality style 2 and interactions 2 and interactions types of personalities and styles quick ...

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 5420469_CH04_02_p147-156  6/27/06  8:21 AM  Page 147
                                                                                                       LESSON
                    Personality, Style, 
                    Personality, Style,                                                                 2
                    and Interactions                                                                    2
                    and Interactions
                    Types of Personalities and Styles                                             Quick Write
                    As you’ve grown, you’ve no doubt become more aware 
                    that personality is a big part of who you are. Personality
                    includes your actions, opinions, beliefs, biases, desires, and
                    ambitions. It is the foundation of your attitudes and
                    behaviors. It’s what you are and what you show to others.                     Draw a big circle on a blank
                    Personality determines what you like to do in school as well                  sheet of paper. Label the circle
                    as in your spare time. It determines what you want to do in                   “Me.”Inside the circle, write 
                    life. Your personality is a set of distinctive traits and behaviors           five words that describe your
                    that make you the person you are. Just as no two people have                  personality. Are you outgoing 
                    the same fingerprints, no two people have exactly the same                     or shy? Do you like to make
                    personality. You are different from every other human being                   plans or just hang loose? 
                    who has ever existed.                                                         Do you try to analyze other
                                                                                                  people and events, or are you 
                                                                                                  a “live-and-let-live” kind of
                                                                                                  person? Then pair up with
                                                                                                  someone in your class who
                                                                                                  knows you pretty well. See 
                                                                                                  if that person agrees with 
                                                                                                  the personality traits you’ve
                                                                                                  chosen.Which ones would 
                                                                                                  they change? Why?
                                                                                                  Learn About... 
                                                                                                                 B
                                                                                                • types of personalities
                                                                                                  and styles 
                                                                                                • a basic personality
                                                                                                  model
                    Your personality is unique—you are different from every other               • how personality type
                    human being who has ever existed.                                             influences actions 
                                                                 LESSON 2 | Personality,Style, and Interactions    147
 5420469_CH04_02_p147-156  6/27/06  8:21 AM  Page 148
                               Psychologists, who study the mind and behavior, have long
      Learn About...           known that each person is unique. But these experts also 
                 Bknow that people are similar in certain ways. They call these
     • how personality         similarities personality preferences. A preference is the way you
      affects interactions     tend to think and act. When personality preferences correspond
     • the value of different  to an identified pattern, they are called personality types. 
      kinds of personalities   A personality type is a recognizable set of traits that psychologists
      and styles               believe can help you understand who you are and, to some extent,
                               predict the kind of life you’ll lead. You could think of it as a model
                               that people tend to follow in their thoughts and behaviors.
                               A personality type isn’t a crystal ball. It doesn’t predict the
                               future. It certainly shouldn’t dictate how you must live your
                               life. Nevertheless, personality-typing models can be useful
      Vocabulary B             tools. They can help you figure out which areas you might
                               really like or do well in. For this reason, personality typing can
     • preference              help you with important decisions, such as choosing a career.
     • personality type        Think of it this way: Say you like clothes—you enjoy
     • extraverted             everything about them. For the time being, that personality
     • introverted             type might make you a trendsetter. Your friends might turn 
                               to you for fashion advice. So it might be natural for you to
     • sensing                 think about working as a salesperson or manager in a clothing
     • interaction             store, as a clothing designer, a fashion model, or as a buyer for
                               a retail clothing chain. Or if you enjoy sports, you might want
                               to choose a career that would put you close to sports. You
                               could, of course, aim for a career as an NBA pro. But other,
                               more-realistic choices include coaching, owning a sporting-
                               goods store, or being the pro at the local golf course. 
                               Your high-school guidance counselor might give you an opportunity 
                               to take a personality assessment.
                               Courtesy of David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit
         148  CHAPTER 4 | Understanding Your Actions 
 5420469_CH04_02_p147-156  6/27/06  8:21 AM  Page 149
                    You feel comfortable doing what you like. That’s why personality typing is useful. 
                    It helps you identify your preferences.
                    A Basic Personality Model
                    In the 1940s, Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katherine Cook Briggs, developed
                                                      ®           ®
                    the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator , or MBTI . They based the MBTI on the work 
                    of a Swiss psychologist named Carl Jung. He believed that you could categorize
                    people’s personalities based on certain personality traits and on the ways in which
                    people describe their own motivations.
                    The MBTI helps people identify their personality preferences and therefore their
                    personality types. Businesses use the MBTI when they’re hiring. It helps them 
                    know if there’s a good fit between a job applicant and their workplace. Schools 
                    and universities use the MBTI for career counseling. 
                    The MBTI is useful for high school students, too. It can help you understand 
                    what type of person you are. It can help you better understand your strengths 
                    and weaknesses. A counselor at your school might give you an opportunity to 
                    take the MBTI assessment. It could help you decide what to major in at college 
                    or which career path to follow. 
                    Using the MBTI
                    To use the MBTI to figure out your personality type, you must first answer four 
                    key questions. These questions are called dimensions. For each dimension, you choose 
                    one of two options. After you select your four options, you assemble a four-letter 
                    code (one letter representing each dimension) that describes your personality type.
                    Let’s look at the four dimensions and two choices that each dimension provides. 
                    1. Where do you direct your energy?
                    If you are extraverted (E), you prefer to direct your energy to people, things, activities, 
                    or the “outer world.” If you are introverted (I), you prefer to direct your energy to ideas,
                    information, explanations, and imagination, or the “inner world.” 
                    Everyone is a mix of both: There’s no such thing as a complete extravert or introvert.
                    Most people, though, instinctively prefer the outer or the inner world. Which do 
                    you prefer?
                    2. How do you like to process information? 
                    If you’re like the detective who wants “just the facts, ma’am,” you prefer sensing (S). 
                    A preference for sensing means you take in the world through sights, sounds, smells,
                    textures, and tastes. You base your thinking and behavior on what’s going on around
                    you. You’re interested in details.
                                                                 LESSON 2 | Personality,Style, and Interactions    149
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          If you like to think about mysteries rather than actually go out on the streets and 
          solve them, you may have a preference for intuition (N). (Since the letter I has already
          been used for “introverted,” the MBTI uses the letter N for “intuition”). Intuition
          is a type of knowledge you get from thinking deeply and trusting your inner voice.
          If you have a preference for intuition, you like to deal with ideas, look into the
          unknown, generate possibilities, or make guesses. You seek to understand and
          interpret. You’re more concerned about the big picture than with details. 
          Just as no one is a pure extravert or pure introvert, no one is all sensing or all
          intuition. Each person, however, naturally favors one over the other. Which 
          do you favor?
          3. How do you make decisions? 
          If you make decisions based on logic and analysis, you decide things using thinking (T).
          You think about things in absolutes: black or white, true or false. 
          If you prefer to make decisions based on your values and personal beliefs, you decide
          based on feeling (F). You see the world in shades of gray. You like to use your own ideas
          as a basis for decisions. 
          Both thinking and feeling are in everyone’s personality. You use both kinds of decision
          making, but you probably have a natural tendency to pick one style over the other.
          Which is it?
          4. How do you organize your life? 
          If you like your life to be well planned, you prefer to use judgment (J). You organize
          your environment and you are always prepared. You like to sort your baseball cards
          and categorize your CDs. You might keep a diary or daily log. You like making lists.
          You like to make decisions.
          If you prefer to be flexible and to take the world as it comes, you are apt to use
          perception (P). You like to go with the flow. People say you’re open-minded. You 
          seek challenges. When plans change at the last minute, you easily adjust. 
          Everyone uses judgment and perception to organize daily life. No one could get along
          without them. But even though you know planning is necessary, it might not come
          naturally to you. If so, you might be a P. But if you love making “to do” lists and
          checking off each task, you’re probably a J. Which one are you?
          Once you’ve chosen your personality preferences in each of the four dimensions, 
          you combine the letters to get your own “unofficial” MBTI personality type. 
          If you put together the personality types in all their possible combinations, you get 
          16 four-letter MBTI codes. These 16 combinations are often presented in the form 
          of the following table.
          For example, INTJ indicates that you prefer Introversion, iNtuition, Thinking, 
          and Judging. 
       150  CHAPTER 4 | Understanding Your Actions 
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