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International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD)
Available online on: www.ijamad.iaurasht.ac.ir
ISSN: 2159-5852 (Print)
ISSN:2159-5860 (Online)
Comparison of Different Irrigation Methods Based On
the Parametric Evaluation Approach in Chikan and
Mourzian Subbasin, Iran
1* 2 2
Masoud Masoudi , Abdollah Ebrahimi and Parviz Jokar
Received: 14 December 2016, ncreasing world population has led to product more foods and
Accepted: 18 June 2018 .
Icrops, while agricultural lands have been decreased. Then, it 8
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is necessary to use the maximum potential of these lands which 2
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e
product maximum yield without any damage. To reach this ob- b
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jective, land suitability evaluation is the most important way t
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that can reach-this objective. The main objective of this research
,
4
was to compare different irrigation methods based on a parametric 6
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evaluation system in an area of 100 ha in the Chikan and 5
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t Mourzian Subbasin of the Fars province, in the south of Iran. )
3
c (
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After preparing land unit map, 10 points were selected for
a ,
r t
t n
s sampling. Soil properties were evaluated and analyzed. Suitability e
m
b maps for drop and gravity irrigation were generated using GIS p
o
A l
e
technique. The result revealed land suitability of 71.9 ha (71.9%) v
e
D
of the case study was classified as permanently not suitable
d
n
a
(N2) and 28.1 ha (28.1%) currently not suitable (N1) for gravity t
n
irrigation. On the other hand, land suitability of 47.3 ha (47.3%) e
m
e
g
of the case study was classified as permanently not suitability a
n
(N2), 28.5 ha (28.5%) currently not suitable (N1) and 24.3 ha a
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(24.3%) marginally suitable (S3) for drop irrigation. The limiting a
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Keywords: u
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factor for drop irrigation was slope and for gravity irrigation l
drop irrigation, gravity ir- u
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rigation, land suitability were slope and drainage. r
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1 n
Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz , Iran I
2
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 355
* Corresponding author’s email: masoudi@shirazu.ac.ir
Comparison of Different Irrigation Methods ... / Masoudi et al
INTRODUCTION (Sys et al., 1991) for two different irrigation
Human have used natural resources to supply methods of surface (gravity) and drip (localized)
daily and early requirement without consideration irrigation in order to better planning management
their capability in different regions of the world. of Irrigated Lands.
The result of this way is irreparable damage to Several studies have done in comparison of
natural resource. For preventing more damage, different irrigation methods based on the para-
land suitability should be determined for every- metric evaluation approach. Briza et al. (2001)
where. Reports shows continuous use of agri- applied a parametric system to evaluate land suit-
culture land in past decades, regardless of land ability for both surface and drip irrigation in the
evaluation has caused much more degradation Ben Slimane province, Morocco. The largest part
than provide the resources (FAO, 2007). So, of the agricultural areas was classified as marginally
precise land evaluation based on ecological ca- suitable. Bazzani and Incerti (2002) also provided
pability is essential to solve this problem. Land a land suitability evaluation for surface and
evaluation is a process of evaluating land per- drip irrigation systems in the province of Larche,
formance over time according to the specific Morocco, by using parametric evaluation systems.
types of utilization (Lee & Yeh, 2009; Martin & The results showed a large difference between
Saha, 2009; Sonneveld et al., 2010). The principle applying the two irrigation methods.
objective of agriculture land suitability evaluation Bienvenue et al. (2003) evaluated the land
is to assess the potential and limitation of the suitability for surface (gravity) and drip (localized)
land for crop production (Pan & Pan, 2012). irrigation in Senegal using Sys’s parametric
Land evaluation methodologies have changed evaluation systems. Regarding the surface irri-
. from subjective and qualitative assessments to gation, there was no area classified as highly
8
1
0 specific and quantification assessment (Elsheik suitable (S1). For drip (localized) irrigation, a
2
r
e et al., 2010; Nwer, 2006). On the other hand, good portion (25.03%) of the area was classified
b
m
e land is a comprehensive system resulting from as highly suitable (S1).
t
p
e the interaction of biological, physical and an- Mbodj et al. (2004) performed a land suitability
S
,
4 thropogenic activity operating over different evaluation for two types of irrigation, i.e., surface
6
3
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5 scales of time and space, therefore choice of irrigation and drip irrigation, in the Tunisian
5
3
, proper model for land evaluation is very important Oued Rmel Catchment using the suggested
)
3
( (O’Neill, 1989). parametric evaluation. They found that the drip
8
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n Fifteen percent of agricultural lands are irrigated irrigation suitability gave more irrigable areas
e
m
p but it product 50 percent of agricultural crop compared to the surface irrigation practice.
o
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e
v and world food. This shows the importance of Barberis and Minelli (2005) provided land
e
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irrigation in agriculture. In Iran, agriculture con- suitability classification for both surface and
d
n
a
sumes 92 percent of all water supplies per year drip irrigation systems in Shouyang county,
t
n
e and more than 60 percent of the ratio waste be- Shanxi province, China. The results indicated
m
e
g cause of disuse of advance technology. Conse- that due to the unusual morphology, the area
a
n
a quences of this low efficiency are obvious: the suitable for the surface irrigation (34%) is
M
l
a
r rise in water table, evaporation of water from smaller than the land that could be used for the
u
t
l
u the soil surface, and accumulation of salts in drip irrigation (62%).
c
i
r
g the top soil. Therefore the irrigation systems Dengiz (2006)also compared different irrigation
A
f have to be reached to a stage that this low effi- methods including surface and drip irrigation
o
l
a
n ciency becomes more. The best suggestion for in the pilot fields of I˙kizce central research in-
r
u
o the irrigated areas that quality of irrigation water stitute, located in south of Ankara, Turkey. This
J
l
a
n is not bad is using of drip and sprinkler methods researcher has concluded that the drip irrigation
o
i
t
a (Masoudi, 2010). Therefore the main objective method increased the land suitability by 38%
n
r
e
t of this research is the implementation and compared to the surface irrigation method.
n
I comparison of a parametric evaluation model Liu et al. (2006) evaluated the land suitability
356
Comparison of Different Irrigation Methods ... / Masoudi et al
for surface and drip irrigation in the Danling the soil texture was detected as the most limiting
County, Sichuan province, China, using a Sys’s factor for using the surface irrigation system.
parametric evaluation system. Drip irrigation With respect to current soil and climate conditions
was everywhere more suitable than surface irri- in the study area, the most efficient irrigation
gation due to the minor environmental impact systems are drip and sprinkler practices.
that it caused. Albaji et al. (2007) carried out a Albaji et al. (2016) evaluated a suitable
land suitability evaluation for surface and drip irrigation plan based upon a parametric evaluation
irrigation in the Shavoor plain, in Iran. The system for an area of 1325 ha in the Ghaleh
results showed that 41% of the area was suitable Madreseh Pain, Iran. The obtained results showed
for surface irrigation; 50% of the area was highly that sprinkler and drip irrigation were highly
recommended for drip irrigation. Due to soil appropriate methods for 682.3 ha (51.5%) of
salinity and drainage problem the rest was not the study area. Moreover, through applying
considered suitable for either irrigation method. sprinkler instead of surface and drip irrigation
Albaji et al. (2010) investigated different irri- methods, the arability of 1170, 7 ha (88.4%) of
gation methods based upon a parametric evaluation Ghaleh Madreseh Plain would improve for
system in an area of 29,300 ha in the Abbas sprinkler irrigation.
Plain Located in the Elam province, in the West The main objective of this research was to
of Iran. The results demonstrated that by applying evaluate and compare land suitability for gravity
sprinkler irrigation instead of surface and drip and drop irrigation methods based on the para-
irrigation methods, the arability of 21,250 ha metric evaluation system for Chikan and Mourz-
(72.53%) in the Abbas Plain will improve. ian Subbasin, Iran.
Gholami and Delavari (2012) evaluated the .
8
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land suitability for drip and surface irrigation METHODOLOGY 0
2
r
methods at Shirin Abad, Shoushtar that located This research was conducted in an area of e
b
in the province of Khouzestan. The results of 100 ha in the Chikan and Mourzian Subbasin of m
e
t
p
parametric evaluation system showed that 83.6 the Fars province, in the south of Iran (Figure1). e
S
,
percent of land is suitable for surface irrigation The case study is located 300 31’ N to 300 31’ 4
6
3
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and 90.8 percent is suitable for drip irrigation 30’’ N and 520 2’ 30’’ E to 520 3’ 30’’ E. The el- 5
5
3
and 6.2% of the land is unsuitable for both irri- evation ranges between 1600-2000 meters, av- ,
)
3
gation methods and factor of restrictions were erage annual precipitation is 770.8 mm, average (
8
,
t
introduced in salinity and soil alkalinity. annual evaporation is 2174.2 mm and the current n
e
m
Fatapour and Eslami (2014)investigated com- land use is dry land farming. p
o
l
e
parison of suitability of two methods of sprinkler Sys et al. (1991) suggested a parametric eval- v
e
D
and drip irrigation based on the parametric uation system for irrigation method based on
d
n
a
method in Kouhdasht Plain located in Lorestan physical and chemical soil properties. In their
t
n
Province, in the west of Iran. The results showed proposed system there are six parameters and e
m
e
that all of arable lands were considered suitable has been shown in the equation below: g
a
n
for drip irrigation and classified as class S1. a
M
l
a
Bagherzadeh and Paymard (2015)investigated C= A × B/100 × C/100 × D/100 × E/100 × F/100 r
i u
t
l
land capability for different types of irrigation u
c
i
r
systems including surface, drip, and sprinkler where A, B, C, D, E and F are soil texture g
A
practices by parametric and fuzzy approaches rating, soil depth rating, calcium carbonate f
o
l
a
to evaluate the capability of cultivated lands on content rating, electrical conductivity rating, n
r
2 u
6131 km of the Mashhad Plain, Khorasan drainage rating and slope rating, respectively. o
J
l
a
Razavi Province, northeast Iran. Results showed In Table 1 the range of capability index (C) n
i o
i
t
that the land capability indices were in higher and in Table 2 to7 the factors and their classes a
n
r
e
classes (S1 to S2) by drip and sprinkler irrigation are seen. At first, land unit map was prepared t
n
compared to the surface irrigation system and by overlaying three maps: elevation, slope and I
357
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