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File: Technology Pdf 85229 | 503466main Space Tech Grand Challenges 12 02 10
space technology grand challenges the space technology grand challenges are an open call for cutting edge technological solutions that solve important space related problems radically improve existing capabilities or deliver ...

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                                                                        Space Technology Grand Challenges 
                                                                        The Space Technology Grand Challenges are an open call for cutting-edge technological solutions that 
                                                                        solve important space-related problems, radically improve existing capabilities or deliver new space 
                                                                        capabilities altogether. The challenges are centered on three key themes: (1) Expand human presence in 
                                                                        space, (2) Manage in-space resources, and (3) Enable transformational space exploration and scientific 
                                                                        discovery.  These challenges are designed to initiate thought and discussion among our nation’s 
                                                                        innovators about future NASA missions and related national needs. The challenges will be updated to 
                                                                        serve as a reflection and long-term measure of our nation’s space technology needs.  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Space Technology Grand Challenges 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Expand Human Presence in Space  
                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                           Economical Space Access                                                                                         Space Health and Medicine                                                                                                              Telepresence in Space                                                                                                         Space Colonization  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                     Eliminate or mitigate the                                                                                                 Create seamless user-friendly                                                                                                  Create self-sustaining and 
                                                                        Provide economical, reliable                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                        and safe access to space,                                                                                    negative effects of the space                                                                                             virtual telepresence environments  reliable human environments 
                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                        opening the door for robust                                                                                  environments on human                                                                                                     allowing people to have real-                                                                                                  and habitats that enable the 
                                                                                                                                                                                     physical and behavioral health,                                                                                           time, remote interactive                                                                                                       permanent colonization of 
                                                                        and frequent space research,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                     optimize human performance in  participation in space research                                                                                                                                                                                           space and other planetary 
                                                                        exploration and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                     space and expand the scope of                                                                                             and exploration.                                                                                                               surfaces. 
                                                                        commercialization.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                     space based medical care to 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                     match terrestrial care.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                         
                                                                        Problem:                                                                                                     Problem:                                                                                                                  Problem:                                                                                                                       Problem: 
                                                                        Today it costs about                                                                                         Space is an extreme                                                                                                       Today, access to space is limited  Currently, the infrastructure 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                        $10,000 to get a single                                                                                      environment that is not                                                                                                   to robotic spacecraft and to select  and integrated technologies 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                        pound of mass into low                                                                                       conducive to human life.                                                                                                  highly-trained individual                                                                                                      needed to enable permanent, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                        earth orbit. A significant                                                                                   Today’s technology can only                                                                                               participants who perform                                                                                                       self-sufficient human 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                        part of this cost is related to                                                                              partially mitigate the effects on                                                                                         experiments on behalf of others.                                                                                               settlements away from Earth 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                        the design and production of  the physical and psychological                                                                                                                                                                           Scientists develop experiment                                                                                                  do not exist.  Effective close-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                        the launch system.  Nearly                                                                                   well-being of people.  In order                                                                                           plans, wait for an astronaut or a                                                                                              loop systems do not exist to 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                        40% of the total mission                                                                                     to live and effectively work in                                                                                           robot to conduct the experiment                                                                                                replenish consumable 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                        cost is related to ground and  space for an extended period of  for them, and download the                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            resources. This makes long-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                        launch processing.  The full- time, people require                                                                                                                                                                                     results for analysis.  This                                                                                                    term stays cost-prohibitive 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                        lifecycle cost must be                                                                                       technologies that enable                                                                                                  approach decouples the                                                                                                         and poses significant risk to 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                        lowered by an order of                                                                                       survival in extreme                                                                                                       experiment from the principal                                                                                                  personnel if resupply 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                        magnitude to enable                                                                                          environments; countermeasures  investigator, requires                                                                                                                                                                                                    missions do not arrive on 
                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                        frequent human and robotic  that mitigate the negative                                                                                                                                                                                 considerable pre-planning and                                                                                                  time.  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                        operations in space.                                                                                         effects of space;                                                                                                         coordination and does not allow 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                     accommodations that optimize                                                                                              for the flexible learning and 
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                                                                                                                                                                                     human performance;                                                                                                        experimentation that can take 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                     comprehensive space-based                                                                                                 place in a lab. Moreover, this 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                     physiological and physical                                                                                                approach limits possible 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                     health management and prompt  participants and the public from 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                     and comprehensive medical                                                                                                 fully participating in the 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                                     care in a limited infrastructure.                                                                                         exploration of space. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                         
                                                                         
                                                                 Space Technology Grand Challenges  
                                                                               Manage In-Space Resources  
                          Affordable Abundant                    Space Way Station                     Space Debris Hazard                      Near-Earth Object  
                                   Power                                                                      Mitigation                    Detection and Mitigation 
                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                        
                        Provide abundant, reliable  Develop pre-stationed and in-situ              Significantly reduce the            Develop capabilities to detect and 
                                                                                                                                                                                
                        and affordable energy           resource capabilities, along with          threat to spacecraft from           mitigate the risk of space objects  
                        generation, storage and         in-space manufacturing, storage            natural and human-made              that pose a catastrophic threat to 
                                                    
                        distribution for space          and repair to replenish the                space debris.                       Earth.  
                        exploration and scientific      resources for sustaining life and                                               
                        discovery.                      mobility in space.  
                        Problem:                        Problem:                                   Problem:                            Problem: 
                        Mass and lifetime               Frequent and long-duration space           Given the prevalence of             Near earth objects are comets or 
                                                                                                                                                                           
                        considerations of today’s       travel requires substantial amounts  Micrometeoroid and Orbital                asteroids that pass within 45 
                        space power systems limit  of consumables, which can be                    Debris (MMOD) in low earth  million kilometers of the Earth’s 
                                                                                            
                        our missions.  Current          costly to launch.  Current                 orbit, there is a possibility of    orbit.  Some near earth objects are 
                                                                                       
                        spacecraft power systems        capabilities are insufficient to           MMOD collision or 
                                                                                                                                       potentially large enough to be  
                        degrade over time,              extract, refine, form stock, and           interference with a range of        hazardous to the Earth in the event 
                                                                                                                                                                     
                        thereby reducing  the           transport in-situ materials for in-        national and international          of a direct collision. Although  
                        amount of power                 space manufacturing, servicing,            operating assets  as well as  a     impact with large objects is rare, 
                                                                                                                                                                              
                        available for use as the        fueling and repair.  In-space              serious threat to in-space          the history of Earth indicates that 
                        mission progresses.             system repair and maintenance is           personnel. Mitigation is            such events do occur. A better 
                        Efficient use of space-         cost-prohibitive and difficult,            difficult and requires              understanding of the likelihood 
                        based resources is critical     consequently, many spacecraft are  solutions that are practical,               and consequence of these remote 
                        for NASA’s future               de-orbited at end-of life.                 yet technically and                 events are needed as are 
                                                                                                                                                
                        missions of science and                                                    economically feasible.              preparations for the possibility of 
                                                                                                                                                                               
                        exploration.                                                                                                   having to divert a comet or 
                                                                                                                                       asteroid on an impact trajectory 
                                                                                                                                       with Earth.  
                                                                                                                                        
                         
                         
                          
                                                              Space Technology Grand Challenges  
                                             Enable Transformational Space Exploration and Scientific Discovery  
                                                                                                                                            
                         Efficient In-Space          High-Mass Planetary            All Access Mobility           Surviving Extreme               New Tools of 
                                                                                                                                                                 
                           Transportation                Surface Access                                          Space Environments                 Discovery 
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                       Develop systems that        Develop entry, descent         Create mobility systems  Enable robotic                    Develop novel 
                       provide rapid,  efficient   and landing systems with  that allow humans and             operations and survival,      technologies to 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                       and affordable              the ability to deliver         robots to travel and         to conduct science            investigate the origin, 
                       transportation to, from     large-mass, human and          explore on, over  or         research and exploration   phenomena, structures 
                       and around space            robotic systems, to            under any  destination       in the most extreme           and processes of all 
                       destinations.               planetary surfaces.            surface.                     environments of  our          elements of the solar 
                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                               solar system.                 system and of the 
                                                                                                                                             universe. 
                                                                                                                                                       
                       Problem:                    Problem:                       Problem:                     Problem:                      Problem 
                                                                                                                                                                     
                       Once in space, the          Entry, descent and             Exploration of comets,       Space travel can present  Even with insatiable 
                                                                                                                                                            
                       ability to travel to a      landing is a challenging       asteroids, moons and         extreme environments          curiosity and strong 
                                                                                                                                                                       
                       particular destination is  operation.  A space             planetary bodies is          that affect machine           motivation, we require 
                                                                                                                                                                
                       a function of the laws      system must be robust          limited by mobility on       operations and survival.      specialized tools to 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                       of orbital mechanics,       enough to accommodate a  those bodies.  Current             Like humans, machines         learn about the Earth, 
                                                                                                                                                               
                       vehicle mass, and           wide range of hazards          robotic and human            are impacted by gravity,  solar system or 
                                                                                                                                                                      
                       propulsion system           associated with uncertain      systems cannot safely        propulsive forces,            universe.  In part, our 
                                                                                                                                  
                       efficiency. Human and       position and velocity          traverse a number of         radiation, gases, toxins,     learning has been 
                       robotic exploration         knowledge, aerodynamic  prevalent surface                   chemically caustic            limited by the lack of 
                                                                                                      
                       requires transportation     loading, atmospheric           terrains.  Current           environments, static          sophistication of our 
                       throughout the solar        conditions, heating,           systems travel slowly,       discharge, dust, extreme  technology to observe, 
                                                                      
                       system and is limited       particulates, and terrain      requiring detailed           temperatures, frequent        probe, collect, 
                                                                                                                                         
                       by the performance of       characteristics to safely      oversight and planning       temperature variations        distribute and analyze 
                                                                                                                               
                       today’s propulsion          arrive at a desired surface  activities. Consequently,  and more. To                      information about the 
                                                                                                                                          
                       systems.                    location.                      these systems are often      accomplish the goal of        geology, weather, 
                                                                                  limited to exploring         exploring a wide range        climate, environment, 
                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                  areas close to their         of targets across our         and natural and man-
                                                                                  original landing site.       solar system requires the  made phenomena 
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                               ability to survive            affecting the Earth and 
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                               extreme environments.         other elements in the 
                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                             universe. 
                        
                                                                                               
                                                                         The Broad Challenge of Space  
                       The challenges of flying in space are such that a truly radical improvement in nearly any system used to 
                                                                                                
                       design, build, launch, or operate a spacecraft has the potential to be transformative.  In our search for 
                       technologies that will radically improve our existing capabilities or deliver altogether new space 
                       capabilities, it is likely that any great leap in capability will be the result of several, integrated advances. 
                       The Space Technology development portfolio extends across all systems critical to space missions and is 
                       not limited to the specific Space Technology Grand Challenges listed above. To meet the broad challenge 
                       of maintaining a robust and vibrant space program, investments will be considered in any space 
                       technology that has the potential to be transformative.  
                                          The future demands active curiosity, open minds, and a determination to 
                                                                                                                                                     
                                                              resolve challenges as they present themselves
                                                                                                                              . 
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...Space technology grand challenges the are an open call for cutting edge technological solutions that solve important related problems radically improve existing capabilities or deliver new altogether centered on three key themes expand human presence in manage resources and enable transformational exploration scientific discovery these designed to initiate thought discussion among our nation s innovators about future nasa missions national needs will be updated serve as a reflection long term measure of economical access health medicine telepresence colonization eliminate mitigate create seamless user friendly self sustaining provide reliable safe negative effects virtual environments opening door robust allowing people have real habitats physical behavioral time remote interactive permanent frequent research optimize performance participation other planetary scope surfaces commercialization based medical care match terrestrial problem today it costs is extreme...

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