Climate Smart Agriculture 
      Climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa will have significant 
      impact on food security and agricultural production:
      •  Changes in MEAN TEMPERATURES (higher)
      •  Changes in MEAN RAINFALL (less)
      •  Increased variability in temperature and rainfall
      •  Greater crop water demand
      •  Greater prevalence of extreme climate events (heat 
         waves, drought, floods)
      •  Changes in pest and disease patterns
      •  Decrease in agricultural productivity 15-35% 
      (McCarthy et al 2011, IIED 2011, FAO 2009)
       Climate Smart Agriculture
   Definition: Climate Change Adaptation
   Climate change adaptation for agriculture involves building 
   resistance (the ability to resist the impact of a disturbance) 
   and resilience (the ability to recover from disturbance) 
   within agro-ecosystems, communities, and governance 
   operations to prepare for climatic change and its impacts
   (Moreau et al 2012)
              Climate Smart Agriculture
        Definition: Climate Smart Agriculture
        Agriculture-based practices that have the potential to:
        •   Sustainably achieve food security (increase food 
            production without further depleting water and soil 
            resources)
        •   Increase resilience of farmers and farming systems to 
            climatic change
        •   Improve capacity of systems to sequester carbon and 
            mitigate climate change (increasing carbon stocks in 
            terrestrial systems- farmland, grassland or forests)
              Climate Smart Agriculture
      In other words, agriculture has the potential for a “Triple Win”
      •  Sustainable increase in productivity
      •  Adaptation built on resilience
      •  Contribution to greenhouse gas mitigation
      In order to minimize the risks of climate change and climate 
      variability, it is important to diversify farming systems 
      through the integration of cropping, livestock, forestry and 
      fisheries systems, the conservation of ecosystems, their 
      biodiversity, and resilience and ecosystem services.
              Climate Smart Agriculture
     Base strategy: Climate change adaptation mechanisms 
     (building resistance and resilience)
              •  Drought cycle management
              •  Enhanced weather advisories
              •  Early warning systems
              •  Strategic grain reserves
              •  Seasonal forecasts
              •  Increased and conserved natural capital (soil organic 
                 matter, biodiversity, water)
              •  Reduction of yield variability