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NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836
Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS
NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA)
ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE
OF WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK,
LAMPUNG, INDONESIA)
1* 2 3 4 5
Rahayu Sulistiowati , Yulianto , Samsul Bakri , Maulana Mukhlis , AniAgus Puspawati
1Doctoral Student of Environmental Science, University of Lampung, Indonesia
2,3,4,5University of Lampung, Indonesia
1 2 3
rahayu.sulistiowati@fisip.unila.ac.id; yulianto@fisip.unila.ac.id; samsul.bakri@fp.unila.ac.id;
4 5
maulana.mukhlis@fisip.unila.ac.id; ani.aguspuspawati@fsip.unila.ac.id
ABSTRACT
This research aims to analyze the development of eco-tourism in BrajaHarjosari village as a buffer
village for the Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) Lampung in the industrial era 4.0. The research
uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews,
literature review, and documentation. The results show that Based on the discussion above, it can
be concluded that the development of eco-tourism villages in the TNWK buffer area, especially 8127
Braja Harjosari village in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, has utilized technology to build an
eco-tourism market through digital marketing tourism, where efforts to promote and market an
area or attraction tourism using digital media which includes the use of websites, social media,
online advertising, marketing by electronic mail, online discussions and smartphone applications.
However, the development of this eco-tourism village must pay attention to the rules and
regulations that the government has set so as not to cause environmental problems, and
sustainable tourism can be realized.
Keywords: Eco-tourism, eco-tourism village development, revolution 4.0. sustainable tourism
DOINumber:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836 NeuroQuantology 2022; 20(8): 8127-8141
A. INTRODUCTION the contribution of the tourism sector to
The United Nations World Tourism world GDP is 9%, 1 out of 11 jobs are created
Organization (UNWTO) recognizes that the by the tourism sector, and the contribution
tourism sector is a leading sector and is one to the value of world exports is USD 1.4
of the important keys to regional trillion or equivalent to 5% of exports that
development and increasing welfare for the occur in the world (Singh et al., 2021).
community. UNWTO data (2013) shows that
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836
Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS
NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA)
Based on the National Long-Term factor for developing tourism-oriented to the
Development Plan (RPJPN) 2005-2025, all natural environment or what we know as
development sectors in Indonesia must apply eco-tourism or ecological tourism, or it can
the principles of sustainable development. In also be called eco-tourism. This fact is the
the context of tourism, the paradigm of antithesis of tourism activities that have
tourism development has evolved from mass developed so far, which are more supportive
tourism to sustainable tourism. Based on the of the pattern of mass tourism (Beall et al.,
Quebec Declaration specifically states that 2021).
eco-tourism is essentially a form of tourism Eco-tourism contains perspectives
that adopts the principles of sustainable and dimensions that face the future of
tourism (Abrianto et al., n.d). Based on the sustainable and environmentally friendly
analysis of TIES, the growth of the eco- tourism. This arises because of the tendency
tourism market ranges from 10-30% per and development of lifestyles and new
year, while the overall growth of tourists is community awareness for a deeper
only 4%. In 1998, the WTO estimated the appreciation of the values of relationships
growth of eco-tourism at around 20%. The between humans and their natural
growth rate in the Asia Pacific region ranged environment. In principle, eco-tourism is a
from 10-25% in the mid-1990s (Wondirad, tourism trip responsible for environmental
2020). sustainability and the welfare of the local
The emergence of tourism as one of community (Zheng et al., 2021).
the fastest-growing industries has Over the past three decades, issues
significantly contributed to the economic relating to the environment and sustainable
growth of countries in the world. Tourism development have shifted from being
has creatednew jobs, increased incomes, and marginal to being the focus of discussion and
a trade balance. However, the development study. The expansion of social media and
of the tourism industry often ignores social traditional media as a result of the industrial
and environmental aspects and only pursues revolution 4.0 is one of the elements
economic benefits (Manzoor et al., 2019). contributing to this transformation (Sharifi et
Therefore, in this 4.0 revolution era, al., 2021). This element enhances
sustainable tourism has become a very environmental consciousness, which is 8128
popular topic among experts and impacted by accounts of various ecological
practitioners based on increasing public disasters, increased activity of interest
awareness about the importance of groups focused on environmental problems,
protecting nature and the environment for and increasingly strict national and
economic sustainability and development international environmental laws and
(Verma et al., 2022). regulations (Luo et al., 2021).
Based on a report issued by the The development of ecotourism
World Tourism Organization (WTO), nature correlates with the fourth industrial
tourism has become an alternative tourism revolution, which is a major transformation
activity and has developed in the tourism in human life and work processes, where
world since the 1990s. With the tendency of advancements in information technology can
global, regional, and national communities to be integrated into the digital world of life,
return to nature, people’s interest in which can have an impact on scientific
traveling to unspoiled places is getting bigger disciplines. The rise of industrial revolution
(Saarinen, 2021). This interest is a driving 4.0 has far-reaching effects, even on nearly
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836
Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS
NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA)
the entire human social order, and the 1. Eco-tourism
ecotourism business is no exception (Abad- The concept of ecotourism has
Segura et al., 2020). Therefore, eco-tourism periodically evolved. Ecotourism is a sort of
activities require good governance to tourism that is responsible for preserving
develop eco-tourism progress with the untouched places (natural resources),
various challenges that exist while being able generating economic advantages, and
to take advantage of technological advances safeguarding the cultural integrity of the
for the realization of sustainable tourism local community. Ecotourism, based on this
development that does not only pay concept, is a sort of conservation movement
attention to the economic aspect but also carried out by the global population. These
the socio-cultural aspects of the local ecotourists are by nature conservationists
community as well as the (Fibrianto, 2021).
environment/ecology (Wondirad et al., The Ecotourism Society was the first
2020). An active role in managing eco- to introduce the definition of ecotourism:
tourism potential is important Ecotourism is a sort of tourism that involves
becauseknowledge of nature and cultural visiting natural regions with the goal of
potential has a selling point as an eco- conserving the environment and preserving
tourism attraction. The development of eco- the local culture. Initially, ecotourism was
tourism ultimately has a close relationship practiced by nature-loving tourists who, in
with the community in ecological, social, and addition to preserving the culture and
economic aspects (Thompson, 2022). welfare of the people, desired the tourist
Based on the results of observations, destination to stay intact and sustainable
documentation, and literature reviews, eco- (Mondino& Beery, 2019).
tourism opportunities in the buffer villages It turns out, however, that this sort
of the National Park are very wide open, but of ecotourism is expanding due to strong
this has not been implemented properly in demand from tourists. The desire of tourists
one of the buffer villages located on the to visit natural regions might stimulate
border of the Way Kambas National Park economic activity. Then, ecotourism is
area is BrajaHarjosari Village. BrajaHarjosari defined as follows: Ecotourism is a new form 8129
Village is a fostered village under the Tropical of environmentally responsible travel that
Forest Conservation Action-Sumatra (TFCA- can stimulate the tourism sector (Yanes et
Sumatra) program of the AleRT- University of al., 2019). Based on these two criteria, it is
Lampung Consortium. This village has various clear that ecotourism has developed
tourism potentials such as oyster mushroom significantly throughout the world. Several
cultivation, crystal guava plantations places within the national park have been
(Psidiumguajava), pier tourist attraction, successful in establishing this ecotourism
BrajaSlebah traditional market, fire stove (Lasso &Dahles, 2021).
center, traditional rice planting, and Balinese In fact, in some areas, a new idea has
dances. This paper will describe how the developed related to the notion of eco-
development of eco-tourism in tourism. In this type of tourism, the
BrajaHarjosari village as a buffer village for phenomena of education is required.
the Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) According to the Australian Department of
Lampung in the industrial era 4.0? Tourism, ecotourism is described as nature-
based tourism that incorporates teaching
B. LITERATURE REVIEW and interpretation of the natural
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
NeuroQuantology|July2022|Volume20|Issue8| Page 8127-8141|doi:10.14704/nq.2022.20.8.NQ44836
Rahayu Sulistiowati et al/ ECO-TOURISM IN ERA 4.0 FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (CASE STUDY IN BUFFER VILLAGE OF WAY KAMBAS
NATIONAL PARK, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA)
environment and community culture, as well al., 2021). In addition to maintaining the
as ecological sustainability management authenticity of an area (both natural and
(Mondino& Beery, 2019). This definition traditional), sustainable tourism can also be
highlights that the connected characteristics an alternative to increase the income of an
are closer to special interest tourism, area (KC et al., 2021).
alternative tourism, or special interest Chamdani defines sustainable
tourism with natural tourist items and tourism development as an integrated and
attractions than to business tourism and structured endeavor to improve the quality
other forms of tourism (Soleimani et al., of life via the sustainable development,
2019). usage, and preservation of natural and
cultural resources (Di Vaio&Varriale, 2020).
2. Sustainable Tourism Obviously, this is possible with a system of
The World Commission for good governance that includes the active
Environment and Development (WCED), the and balanced engagement of the
world commission for environment and government, the business sector, and the
development established by the United community. On this basis, sustainable
Nations General Assembly, was the first to development is tied not only to
present the notion of sustainable environmental challenges, but also to
development. Sustainable tourism can be democracy, human rights, and other broader
understood as a tourism development issues (Siakwah et al., 2020).
process that prioritizes the conservation of Sustainable tourism is a concept in
the resources necessary for future growth developing tourism in an area that provides
(Liburd et al., 2020). The Sustainable Tourism many benefits and advantages from various
Charter of Haryanto, Indonesia, from 1995 sides, including economic, environmental,
emphasizes that tourism must be based on and social (Roxas et al., 2020). Sustainable
sustainable criteria, the essence of which is tourism development involves ensuring that
that long-term ecological development must future generations can enjoy the
be supported and tourism must be environmental, social, and cultural resources
economically viable and ethically and socially utilised in tourism development today
fair to local communities (Zhang et al., 2022). (Chatkaewnapanon& Kelly, 2019).
Thus, sustainable development is a According to Sunaryo, tourism
comprehensive and systematic endeavor to development is a process of basic changes
improve the quality of life through the carried out by humans in a planned manner
sustainable regulation of the supply, in certain tourism conditions that are 8130
development, use, and upkeep of resources considered unfavorable, which are directed
(De Jong et al., 2018). towards a certain tourism condition that is
Mahdayani to realize sustainable considered better or desirable (Parani et al.,
tourism requires a sense of responsibility 2021).
and does not cause damage to nature and Based on the explanation of the
culture, and respects the customs of tourist notion of sustainable tourism, the authors
destinations. Sustainable tourism is also seen state that sustainable tourism is a concept in
as an alternative to increasing regional tourism development in the long term that
income by optimizing the potential of still pays attention to the authenticity of an
tourism areas and increasing the provision of area, be it nature, customs, or traditions of
services around tourist areas (Eichelberger et the community and their customs, which
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