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2017 international conference on education and science icons 2017 mathematical problem solving skills in two variable system of linear equations tio akma1 1masters in mathematics education campus 2 pps uad ...

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                                         2017 International Conference on Education and Science (ICONS 2017) 
                
                MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS IN TWO VARIABLE SYSTEM OF 
                                                 LINEAR EQUATIONS 
                                                              
                                                       Tio Akma1 
               1Masters in Mathematics Education Campus 2 PPs UAD  Unit B Jl. Pramuka No. 42 Yogyakarta, 
                                                tioakmalionel@yahoo.com 
                                                              
                Key Words:                                      ABSTRACT 
                Learning              Problem-solving  ability  is  a  major  component  in  mathematics 
                Mathematics           education. This capability is needed to solve problems related to 
                Mathematical          everyday  life.  Problem  solving  skills  include  the  ability  to 
                Problem Solving       understand the problem, devised a mathematical model, complete 
                                      model, and interpret the obtained solution. The purpose of this study 
                                      is to identify students' mathematical problem solving ability. This 
                                      research  uses  descriptive  research.  The  subjects  were  students  of 
                                      class VIII SMPN 1 Payung. Data collection techniques using test 
                                      and non-test techniques. Data collection instruments used question 
                                      items,  interview  with  teachers  and  guidance  interviews  with 
                                      students.  Data  analysis  using  quantitative  descriptive.  The  results 
                                      showed that the level of problem-solving ability is low. The factors 
                                      that  affect  the  ability  of  solving  problems  is  the  lack  of 
                                      understanding the problem, the lack of problem-solving strategies 
                                      and lack of exercise to solve the problem. For that we need to do 
                                      further research by applying the learning model that could enhance 
                                      the problem solving.   
                                                                 
               INTRODUCTION                                     on a plan. A recommended strategy to use to 
                      According to the National Council of      solve  the  problem.  In  the  third  phase, 
               Teachers of Mathematics in (Gunbas 2015),        students apply the chosen strategy and try to 
               Problem-solving as essential of mathematics      solve the problem, so they can arrive at the 
               and  stressed  that  from  Class  VI  to  VIII,  correct answer. In the fourth and final step, 
               mathematical  knowledge  can  be  built          students  look  back  in  the  solution  and 
               through  problem  solving  and  instructional    answer to ensure that its work properly and 
               program.  Problem  solving  is  a  major         questions   actually  answered    correctly 
               component    in   mathematics    education       (Posamentier and Krulik, 2009). 
               (Voskoglou 2012).                                       Problem  solving  is  the  process  of 
                      Polya   discusses   the    use   of       applying the previously obtained knowledge 
               "heuristics" as a plan to solve the problem.     into  new  situations  that  have  not  been 
               Heuristics  is  a  problem-solving  process  of  known. On the Regulation of the Director 
               trying various approaches to find a solution     General   of   Primary    and   Secondary 
               to a problem. Heuristic models contain four      Education  Ministry  of  National  Education 
               steps.  Students  must  read  the  problem  and  No.  506  /  C  /  Kep  /  PP  /  2004  on  11 
               think  about  it.  Students  must  carefully     November 2004 on the report card has been 
               identify what information is given and what      described that the indicators of students have 
               is  to  be  found.  Information  overload  is    the  ability  in  problem  solving  is  able  to 
               eliminated. Furthermore, the students decide     demonstrate understanding of the problem, 
                                                           951 
                                                 2017 International Conference on Education and Science (ICONS 2017) 
                  
                 organize  data  and  choose  the  relevant                  understand  the  problems  that  it  faces.  Or 
                 information in problem solving, presenting a                maybe when a problem is given to the child 
                 problem  mathematically  in  various  forms,                and the child immediately to resolve the issue 
                 choosing       approaches        and      methods           properly, but the problem can not be said to be 
                 appropriate      problem      solving,    develop           a problem. To be able to understand a problem 
                 problem-solving       strategies,    create    and          that  must  be  done  is  to  understand  the 
                 interpret a mathematical model of a problem                 language  or  terms  used  in  the  problem, 
                 and  solve  problems  that  are  not  routine               formulate what is known, what is being asked, 
                 (Wardani  2008).  (Fajariyah,  Sukestiyarno,                whether  the  information  obtained  sufficient, 
                 and Junaedi 2012) suggests that the crucial                 conditions / terms of what should be met, state 
                 problem-solving  abilities  of  a  person                   or write down the problems in the form of the 
                 because  most  people's  lives  will  be  faced             more operational,  making  it  easier  to  solve. 
                 with a problem-an issue that needs to look                  Ability to solve a problem can be obtained by 
                 for the solution.                                           routinely solve problems. Based on the results 
                          Currently, the focus of mathematics                of  many  studies,  routine  child  in  problem-
                 education to ensure that students can apply                 solving  exercises  would  have  a  problem-
                 the  knowledge  and  skills  they  learn  to                solving test scores higher than children who 
                 everyday  life,  students  are  expected  to                rarely  practice  working  on  the  problems 
                 develop their problem solving skills to face                solving.  In  addition,  interest  in  facing  the 
                 the  challenges  by  adopting  a  variety  of               challenges  and  the  willingness  to  solve  the 
                 perspectives (Tai and Lin, 2015),                           problem is the main asset in solving problems. 
                          Based on the above results the very                2. Planning Solution 
                 important       problem-solving        skills    in                 Choosing            the         appropriate 
                 mathematics.  Problem-solving  skills  are                  troubleshooting  plan  depends  on  how  often 
                 included in one of the 21st century skills but              pengelaman  we  resolve  the  problem  before. 
                 to  improve  the  students  problem-solving                 The  more  we  work  on  problem-solving 
                 skills  required  identification  of  the  causal           exercises, the pattern of problem solving that 
                 factors  of  mathematical  problem  solving                 will  be  more  easily  obtained.  To  plan  for 
                 ability. This study aims to identify factors of             problem solving we can look for possibilities 
                 students'  mathematical  problem  solving                   that may occur or recall issues you've solved 
                 ability.                                                    that have similar properties / pattern with the 
                                                                             problem  to  be  solved.  Then  it  establish 
                 Literature review                                           procedures completion. 
                          Problem  Solving  is  the  process  of             3. Implement Plan 
                 applying  the  previously  obtained  knowledge                      This step is  easier  than  solving  plan, 
                 into new situations that have not been known.               which must be done is run a strategy that has 
                 Learn the importance of problem solving in                  been made with diligence and thoroughness to 
                 mathematics, strategies  to  solve  problems  in            get a settlement. 
                 mathematics  in  certain  situations  can  be               4. Looking Back 
                 transferred  or  applied  to  other  situations                     Activities in this step is analyzing and 
                 outside     of    mathematics,      for    example,         evaluating  whether  the  strategy  adopted  and 
                 problems  in  daily  life,  Steps  to  resolve  the         the results obtained are correct, whether there 
                 problem by (Polya 1973) which is as follows:                are  other  more  effective  strategies,  whether 
                 1. Understanding the Problem                                the  strategy  developed  can  be  used  to  solve 
                          Students  often  failed  to  solve  the            similar problems, or whether the strategy can 
                 problem  because  they  simply  do  not                     be made generalizations. It aims to establish 
                                                                       952 
                                             2017 International Conference on Education and Science (ICONS 2017) 
                 
                confidence  and  strengthen  the  experience  to                          2. Students  are  able  to 
                try out new problems to come.                                                write     down       the 
                                     Table I                                                 conclusions  on  the 
                       Indicators in the Problem Solving                                     outcome               of 
                  Polya(Manah, Isnarto, and Wijayanti 2017)                                  settlement. 
                 N       Phase                                         
                 o.     Problem              Indicator                RESEARCH METHODS 
                        Solving                                               This  study  is  quantitative  descriptive 
                1    Understandi 1. Students  are  able  to           research. His research is a class VIII student at 
                     ng the            write  what  is  known         SMPN 1 Payung. Data collection techniques 
                     problem           and what is asked              in  this  study  used  tests  and  interviews.  The 
                                    2. Students  are  able  to        first  tests  problem  solving,  problem  solving 
                                       explain  the  problems         test is given to the subject of research in the 
                                       that   exist   in   the        form of a written test. Problem solving tests 
                                       problem in  their  own         used  to  collect  research  data  on  students' 
                                       words                          ability  to  solve  problems  on  the  material 
                2    Planning for  1. Students  are  able  to         system  of  linear  equations  in  two  variables. 
                     problem           write  an  appropriate         Then the interview was conducted to look at 
                     solving           example      of     the        the factors problem solving. 
                                       information known to            
                                       the matter                      
                                    2. Students  are  able  to        FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 
                                       write a formula that fit               The results showed that each student 
                                       between  the  known            has a high ability to understand the problem, 
                                       and are asked to solve         namely 85%, 61% planning problems, most 
                                       problems                       students have not been able to complete the 
                3    Carry out      1. Students  are  capable         next stage of a given problem. It can be seen 
                     problem           of   substituting   the        from  the  percentage  of  student  scores  in 
                     solving           correct    information         solving  problems  in  the  low  category, 
                                       into  a  predetermined         amounting  to  30%.  Last  percentage  is  the 
                                       formula                        ability  of  students  to  check  back  at  14% 
                                    2. Students  are  able  to        included in the category of very low. This is 
                                       perform             the        because the average student only to the stage 
                                       calculations necessary         of completion of the plan or the student has 
                                       to   support  answers          reached  the  stage  of  completion  of  the 
                                       questions correctly            problem is not yet completed. After that, the 
                                    3. Students  are  able  to        calculated score of each student to then be 
                                       write       coherently         qualified  to  each  levels,  namely,  high, 
                                       measure  and  correct          medium, low and very low. 
                                       completion                                                  
                4    Looking        1. Students  are  able  to                From the test results in the problem-
                     back              write his own way of           solving  ability  SPLDV  material  it  can  be 
                                       checking  back  in  the        concluded  that  15%  of  students  have 
                                       work  using  a  known          problem-solving       skills   in    a    high 
                                       element      in     the        qualification. Students who have a moderate 
                                       problem                        problem-solving  ability  by  30%.  The 
                                                                 953 
                                                2017 International Conference on Education and Science (ICONS 2017) 
                  
                 remaining  55%  had  low  problem-solving                     b.  Students  are  less  familiar  to  the 
                 ability.  From  the  above  results  it  can  be                  formula that will be used in solving 
                 concluded  that  the  problem  solving  class                     problems. 
                 VIII  SMP  Negeri  1  Payung  in  the  low                    c.  Students  do  not  have  any  idea  / 
                 category, since over 50% of students whose                        strategy in solving problems so that 
                 value is still low.                                               students simply write what is known 
                         In addition, based on the description                     and what is being asked. 
                 and  interview  some  of  the  students  who                  d.  Students        rarely      work       on 
                 have been selected can be summed factors                          mathematical            problem-solving 
                 that  affect  the  level  of  problem-solving                     exercises 
                 ability is as follows.                                     
                 1.  Students      are      less    careful      in         
                     understanding the problem at issue given              Suggestion 
                     the  resulting  stage  -  the  next  step  is         Based  on  the  research  results  and  the 
                     compiling  the  settlement  plan,  solve              conclusion,      researchers      gave      some 
                     problems, and checked back less precise.              suggestions as follows. 
                 2.  Students are less familiar to the formula             1.  For  students,  we  encourage  students 
                     that will be used in solving problems.                    improve       their     problem       solving 
                 3.  Students do not have any idea / strategy                  capabilities  by  training  themselves  do 
                     in  problem  solving  so  that  students                  matter  -  a  matter  of  problem  solving 
                     simply write what is known and what is                    abilities. 
                     being asked.                                          2.  For the teacher, the teacher should apply 
                 4.  Students  rarely  work  on  mathematical                  the learning that can improve the ability of 
                     problem-solving exercises                                 mathematical problem solving, especially 
                                                                               on  questions  -  questions  that  require 
                 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION                                     deeper understanding. 
                 Conclusion                                                 
                 Based  on  the  results  of  research  and                REFERENCES 
                 discussion that has been described, it can be              
                 concluded as follows.                                     Fajariyah,  N  I,  Y  L  Sukestiyarno,  and  I 
                 1.  Problem  solving  ability  of  class  VIII                  Junaedi.     2012.      “KEEFEKTIFAN 
                     SMPN  1  Payung  on  SPLDV  material                        IMPLEMENTASI                      MODEL 
                     included in the low category. It can be                     PEMBELAJARAN                   PROBLEM 
                     seen  from  the  number  of  students  who                  POSING           DAN          CREATIVE 
                     have  problem  solving  skills  in  the  low                PROBLEM  SOLVING  TERHADAP 
                     category of more than 50%.                                  KEMAMPUAN                  PEMECAHAN 
                 2.  factors that affect the level of problem-                   MASALAH  PESERTA  DIDIK  DI 
                     solving ability is as follows.                              SMP  N  1  TENGARAN.”  Unnes 
                     a.  Students      are    less   careful     in              Journal  of  Mathematics  Education 
                         understanding  the  problem  at  issue                  1(2252): 22–28. 
                         given the  resulting  stage  -  the  next         Gunbas,  N.  2015.  “Students’  Mathematics 
                         step is compiling the settlement plan,                  Word Problem-Solving Achievement in 
                         solve  problems,  and  checked  back                    a  Computer-Based  Story.”  Journal  of 
                         less precise.                                           Computer Assisted Learning 31: 78–95. 
                                                                           Manah,  N  K,  Isnarto,  and  K  Wijayanti. 
                                                                                 2017.    “Analysis     of    Mathematical 
                                                                     954 
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...International conference on education and science icons mathematical problem solving skills in two variable system of linear equations tio akma masters mathematics campus pps uad unit b jl pramuka no yogyakarta tioakmalionel yahoo com key words abstract learning ability is a major component this capability needed to solve problems related everyday life include the understand devised model complete interpret obtained solution purpose study identify students research uses descriptive subjects were class viii smpn payung data collection techniques using test non instruments used question items interview with teachers guidance interviews analysis quantitative results showed that level low factors affect lack understanding strategies exercise for we need do further by applying could enhance introduction plan recommended strategy use according national council third phase gunbas apply chosen try as essential so they can arrive at stressed from vi correct answer fourth final step knowledge be...

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