QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR 
                 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS II 
                            (ECO4B05) 
                                     
                                    
                                            
                                    
                       STUDY MATERIAL 
                         FOURTH SEMESTER 
                                    
                                    
                         B.A. ECONOMICS 
                      (2019 Admission onwards)  
           
                   UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT 
               SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION 
                       CALICUT UNIVERSITY P.O. 
                   MALAPPURAM - 673 635, KERALA  
            
           
           
                                19359 
           
             
            School of Distance Education 
                                 
            University of Calicut
             
            Study Material 
            Fourth Semester 
                          (2019 Admission onwards) 
            B.A. ECONOMICS 
            ECO4B05 : QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR ECONOMIC 
                       
            ANALYSIS II
             
            Prepared by: 
            Module I & II   
            Dr. CKACKO JOSE,  
            Associate Professor, Sacred Heart College 
            Chalakudy, Thrissur 
            Module III      
            SHIHABUDHEEN M.T,  
            Assistant Professor, Department of Economics,  
            Farook College, Calicut 
            Module IV    
            Dr. K. RAJAN,  
            Associate Professor,  PG Department of Economics,  
            MD College,  Pazhanji, Thrissur 
            Edited and Compiled  
            Dr. P. P. YUSUF ALI 
            Chairman,  Board of Studies in Economics (UG) 
            Rearranged and Retyped 
            Dr. SHIJI O 
            Assistant Professor, SDE, University of Calicut. 
             
                             DISCLAIMER 
                   "The author(s) shall be solely responsible  
                         for the content and views  
                           expressed in this book". 
             
               
                                       
                                       
                               CONTENTS 
                                       
              Module I       DIFFERENTIAL              1 – 48  
                             CALCULUS 
                             INDEX NUMBERS 
              Module II      AND TIME SERIES          49 – 146  
                             ANALYSIS 
              Module III     VITAL STATISTICS         147 – 194  
              Module IV      FUNDAMENTALS OF          195 – 221  
                             PROBABILITY