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picture1_Colour Therapy Pdf 87729 | Iv Cannulation


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File: Colour Therapy Pdf 87729 | Iv Cannulation
intravenous iv cannulation intravenous iv cannulation is a technique in which a cannula is placed inside a vein to provide venous access venous access allows sampling of blood as well ...

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                     Intravenous (IV) Cannulation 
              
             Intravenous (IV) cannulation is a technique in which a 
             cannula is placed inside a vein to provide venous access. 
             Venous access allows sampling of blood as well as 
             administration of fluids, medications, parenteral nutrition, 
             chemotherapy, and blood products. 
              
                  Cannulae 
                  
                  
             • Parts of a cannula: 
              
                                                                                                                     
              
              
              
              
        • Types of cannulae: 
      Colour    Gauge  Estimates  Uses 
                         flow rate 
                         (ml/min) 
                24       20          Paediatrics, neonates 
                22       36          •Paediatrics, elderly, chemotherapy   
                                       patients 
                                     • Suitable for slow speed infusions 
                20       60          •The Most commonly used cannula  
                                     •Suitable for IV analgesia and 
                                     non-emergent blood transfusions 
                18       125         Used in trauma, surgery, blood transfu-
                                     sions and administration of dyes in con-
                                     trast studies 
                16       180         Trauma  patients  rapid  transfusion  of 
                                     whole blood or blood components 
                14       240         Trauma  patients  ,rapid  Large  volume 
                                     replacement 
         
          Sites for intravenous cannulation 
           
                                  (figure A - below)
        • Veins of the fore arms:                
             
            Basilic vein   
             
            Cephalic vein 
             
            Median cubital vein     
                             : (figure B - below)   
        • Veins of the hands
             
            Metacarpal veins 
             
            Dorsal venous arch 
        • General rules in selecting an IV site: 
             
            Start in the most distal area before going proximally 
             
            Use the upper extremities rather than the lower extremities 
             
            Avoid areas of flexion   
             
            Use the largest , longest ,straightest palpable vein   
                   
                                                                 
              
              
                                                                                                                                                       
                Indications for IV cannulation 
                       
                   •  Repeated blood sampling 
                   •  Administration of drugs 
                   •  Administration of intravenous fluids 
                   •  Administration of blood and blood products 
                   •  Administration of intravenous nutritional support 
                      
               Contraindications to IV cannulation 
                  
                   • Injured, infected, swelled or burned extremity     
                   • Extremity that have an arteriovenous fistula   
                   • The arm on the side of a mastectomy 
              
                            
                       Complications of IV cannulation 
                       
                            
                       
                Complication      Causes                                                         Sigs& symptoms  Intervention 
                Haematoma  • Blood leaking                                                       • Swelling, tender-                             • Apply appro-
                (localised                             out of the vein                           ness and discol-                                priate pressure 
                collection of                          into the tissue                           ouration                                        bandage, moni-
                extravasated                           due to puncture                                                                           tor the site 
                blood, usually                         or trauma                                                                                 Prevention: 
                clotted in an                                                                                                                    • Proper device 
                organ or tissue)                                                                                                                 insertion 
                                                                                                                                                 • Pressure over 
                                                                                                                                                 site on removal 
                                                                                                                                                 of cannula 
                Phlebitis                              • Poor aseptic                            • Tenderness, red-                              • Remove can-
                (Inflammation of  technique                                                      ness, heat and                                  nula 
                the vein)                              • High osmolarity                         oedema                                          • Apply warm 
                                                       I.V. infusions or                         •Advanced-indurati                              compression 
                                                       drugs                                     on, palpable ve-                                • Observe for 
                                                       • Trauma to the                           nous cord                                       signs of infection 
                                                       vein during inser-                                                                        • If phlebitis is 
                                                       tion/incorrect                                                                            advanced antibi-
                                                       cannula gauge                                                                             otics may be re-
                                                       • Prolonged use                                                                           quired 
                                                       of the same site 
                Thrombo-                               • Injury to the vein   • Tender-                                                          • Remove can-
                phlebitis                              • Infection                               ness/redness                                    nula  
                (Formation of a                        • Chemical irrita-                        • Heat/oedema                                   • Observe for 
                thrombus and                           tion                                      • Cordlike appear-                              signs of infection   
                inflammation in                        • Prolonged use                           ance of the vein                                • Change can-
                the vein, usually  of the same vein                                              • Slowing of the IV                             nula frequently 
                occurs after                                                                     infusion                                        (48-72hrs) 
                phlebitis)                                                                        
                                    
                Infection                              • Lack of asepsis                         • Tenderness and                                • Remove can-
                (Pathogen in                           • Prolonged use                           swelling                                        nula 
                the surrounding                        of the same site                          • Erythema/purulent  • Antibiotics may 
                tissue of the I.V.                                                               drainage                                        be required 
                site)                                                                                                                            • Documentation 
                     
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...Intravenous iv cannulation is a technique in which cannula placed inside vein to provide venous access allows sampling of blood as well administration fluids medications parenteral nutrition chemotherapy and products cannulae parts types colour gauge estimates uses flow rate ml min paediatrics neonates elderly patients suitable for slow speed infusions the most commonly used analgesia non emergent transfusions trauma surgery transfu sions dyes con trast studies rapid transfusion whole or components large volume replacement sites figure below veins fore arms basilic cephalic median cubital b hands metacarpal dorsal arch general rules selecting an site start distal area before going proximally use upper extremities rather than lower avoid areas flexion largest longest straightest palpable indications repeated drugs nutritional support contraindications injured infected swelled burned extremity that have arteriovenous fistula arm on side mastectomy complications complication causes sigs s...

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