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CHAPTER II THE THEORITICAL FOUNDATION A. SQ3R TECHNIQUE 1. Definition of SQ3R Technique SQ3R technique proposed by Francis Robinson in 1941, is an increasingly popular technique used to read people. SQ3R is a reading process that consists of five steps Survey, Question, Read, Recite (Recall) and Review. According to Estil (1987:383) SQ3R is strategy has been widely accepted because it is designed to serve not only as a technique for increasing immediate understanding but also as an acid in prolonging retention. In SQ3R technique students play an important role in understanding reading materials. It facilites students who want to read efficiently and systematically. Meanwhile, olson said that “ the SQ3R method can be used to illustrate the strategy behind most of the other techniques. It also demonstrates how the students may use the strategy in case in which the teacher has not set specific purpose for reading the chapters. This method consists of surveying read the contents, make question, read contents, tell the content of reading and reviewing the literature. Accoding to Soedarsono, (2010:59) SQ3R is: 1. Survey Survey or pre-read is a technique to get to know the material before reading in full, made to recognize organizations and the general overview that will be read with a view to: a. Accelerate the capture of meaning. b. Getting the abstact. c. Knowing the important ideas d. Looking at the composition of( organization) of reading material is e. Gaining interest careful attention to reading. f. Make it easy to remember more and understand more easily. Pre-read done only a few minutes, but in a systematic way we quickly discover important ideas and organize materials. It will greaty help achieve the goal of reading. According Soedarsono (2010:60) there are some things that can be used in the survey of reading: 11 a. Survey the book Many part of the nonfiction book can help us to know its contents and help achieve our goal of read the book, the table of contents, preface/ introduction, chapters, index, table, glossary, appendices, images, and others. In pre-read book, the first thing to do is paying attention to the title of the book and asking question about the topic is contained. Then look at the author‟s name and attributes that usully provide content writing instructuion. To see the actualization, look in the publisher. If there is also refer to the back cover of the book which contains an important message from the publisher about the book. The next stage is as follows: 1). Browse the list of contents. To get the overall organization of the book/ information. Table of contents inckludes a framework and an overview of the book, and containts the main topic and subtopic, other topics contained in the book. 2). Read the introduction. Sometime if we go to the library, faced with a row of books that explore the same. Maybe we can narrow the choices based on year the publisher, find a more recent example. But often we are faced with another choice, therefore, read the introduction and get the purpose of the author. 3). See table, graph, and others. Part of this book can clarify and speed up comprehension content. 4). Appendix. Do not forget a supplement or appendix is usually an additional member of valuable iformation as we read. 5). Browse the index. Get the key words to match with the goals and needs. b. Survey the chapter Before you read a chapter, hold a first survey, more carefully than the overall survey earlier. In addition you also observe the subtitle, subtitle and respect, observe visual aids equipment that is in the chapter such as charts, maps, and other. Then consider: 1). The first and final paragraphs. Sometime we use it to convey what the paragraph will be discussed in that chapter or chapter summarises and conclusion. 12 2). Summary. Overview or summary of the chapters are sometimes given by a writer in a separate section that precedes the chapter. Read the summary first to get a general about the chapter. 3). Subtitle. Most writers struggled to give a subtitle to each chapter. But saying a lot of readers just ignore it. Though the subtitle, the subtitle is a lot of clarify the contents of that chapter. With the subtitle, the reader is increasingly aware of the connection section of the book. c. Survey the article sometime, the readers found many kinds of article, the article which is to read: 1). There continues to be swallowed. 2). There is a need to be tstted again. 3). There is a need to be summarized. 4). There is a need to be weighed, weigh. 5). There is direct discarded only. Therefore, before you let read thrticle are complete survey first,. Only if necessary, we read as a whole. Each are generally devided into several parts, namely introduction, contents, and closing/ conclosion. Each paragraph has a topic sentence that includes the subject matter paragraph. The first sentence or two is usually the first topic sentence. To do surveying article the following stages: 1). Read the title. The title not only indicates the problem to be addressed, but to stimulate readers to think. 2). Read all subtitle. Quickly, subheads help readers form a comprehensive understanding. Subtitle suggests a special focus, as well as aspects refering to the overall topic. 3). Observe also table and others. If the content. there is, also schemes or maps thats clarify the content. 4). Read the introduction. If there is no introduction, read the first paragraph with two high speed, to get an idea, story, setting, tone, mood, and style of the author. 5). Read the first sentence of sub-section. The first sentence is often said that the contents of the article. But sometime only a sentence the first 13 sentence of this transition or simply want to attract the attention of the reader. If so read the last sentence of that paragraph. 6). Disposed. If it was not quality, is not useful to you, why not discarded? It is worth pre-read among other to determine whether we wish this article useful, oe whether they fit our needs. 2. Question The second step is to arrange the questions are clear, cocise, and relevance with sections marked text in the first step. The number of questions depends on the length of the text, and the ability to understand the text being studied. If the text being studied containts things that are already known, it may just need to make some inquiries. Conversely, if the background knowledge is not related to the content of the text, it is necessary to frame question as much as possible. 3. Read So read the new third step, not the first step or the only step to mastering a reading. How to read was not like reading a novel, just follow what is going on, but criticaly. Read it section by section. While reading parts of it look for answers to your question on the form of section title or other questions that arise in connection with the reading topic. At this stage, cocentrate on mastering the main idea and important detailes that support the main idea. At this stage there are two stages of reading that must be considered, namely (1) do not take notes. This will slow down your reading. (2) donot make signs like underline certain word or phrases, it could be after you finish reading it you are often mistaken. At this stage, consentrate on yourself to get the basic idea and to know the details are important. 4. Recall After finishing reading a section, stop. Try to answer these question or mention of the important things from that chapter. On occasion, you can make notes as needed. If still experiencing difficulty, repeat the read chapter one more time. 5. Review Our limited is limited. Even at reading activity, 85% of our master reading work, our ability within 8 hours to remember important details about 40%. And within two weeks of our understanding is 20% only. Therefore you do this last 14
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