Objectives
  At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to
  • Define specimen 
  • Explain about different kind of specimens
  • Discuss about factors affect blood composition
  • List the important steps in specimen collection
  • Discuss about preservation, storage, and 
   transportation of specimens.
   Outline of Specimen collection, processing, & 
         preservation 
  • Specimen for biochemical analysis
  • Specimen types and collection
  • Coding of stopper colors
  • Skin puncture
  • Arterial puncture
  • Venipuncture
  • Common specimen factors affecting test 
   results
   Outline of Specimen collection, processing, & 
       preservation, continued..
  • Stability of chemical substances in blood 
   specimen
  • Preservation methods
  • Anticoagulants and preservatives
  • Common anticoagulnts
  • Physiological factors affecting composition of 
   body fluids
  • Specimen transportation
                Specimen for Biochemical analysis
      •  Specimen for analysis is the most important element in 
         obtaining reliable test results.
      •  Proper collection, preparation, processing and 
          preservation of the specimen is essential for obtaining 
          best results. 
      •  Specimen containers must be labeled at least with the 
          patient’s name, hospital or identification number , 
          ward, and date and time of collection. 
      •  A properly filled test requisition slip should 
         accompany each specimen.
   Specimen types and collection
  • Majority of clinical chemistry tests are done 
   on blood :  whole blood, serum or plasma.
  • Blood for analysis may be obtained from veins, 
   arteries or capillaries.
  • Specimen Types
    -Random specimen
    -Fasting specimen
    -Timed specimen