
      Water pollution: any change in water 
      quality that can cause harm to living 
      organisms or make the water unfit for 
      human use (drinking, agriculture)
      
       Chemicals, heat, bacteria, etc
    
      Air pollution: presence of chemicals in the 
      atmosphere in high concentrations enough 
      to harm organisms, ecosystems, or human-
      made materials, or to alter climate
      
       From natural and human sources
       Types of Pollution
       
         Point source pollution
         
          Discharge pollutants into specific locations 
          through drain pipes, ditches, or sewer lines
           Factories, mines, oil spills
           Easy to identify and monitor
       
         Non-point source pollution
         
          Broad and diffuse areas from which pollutants 
          enter water or air
           Runoff from cropland, feedlots, streets, lawns, golf 
            courses
           Difficult to identify and control
         Sources of Water Pollution
    
      Agricultural Activities
      
       Leading cause of water pollution
      
       Sediment, fertilizer, pesticides, bacteria
    
      Industrial Activities
      
       Release organic and inorganic compounds
      
       Energy Sources
        Coal ash, fracking
    
      Mining
      
       Erosion and runoff of toxic chemicals
    
      Human Sources
      
       Garbage--Plastic polymers release chemicals into water
        Nurdles!
      
       Human wastewater (Sewage and gray water)
      
       Runoff from roadways and parking lots (gasoline and oil)
        Water Pollution Legislation
   
     Clean Water Act 1972
     
      Eliminate the release of high amounts of toxic chemicals into surface 
      water
     
      Finance wastewater management
   
     Safe Drinking Water Act 1974
     
      Ensures safe drinking water for the public
     
      EPA sets standards for drinking water quality
     
      Applies to public water systems…not private wells
     
      Bottled water regulated by the FDA under the Food, Drug and 
      Cosmetic Act
   
     Groundwater contamination is addressed with…
     
      Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (Solid and 
      Hazardous Waste disposal)
     
      Superfund (CERCLA) Act (contaminated sites)
     List of Water Pollutants
 
  Fill in the table of common water pollutants with their 
  source, specific examples, environmental impacts 
  (effects), and potential solutions (ways to decrease)
  
   Infection agents (pathogens)—give specific 
   species/disease
  
   Oxygen-demanding wastes
  
   Inorganic chemicals
  
   Organic chemicals
  
   Plant nutrients
  
   Sediments
  
   Heavy metals
  
   Thermal