OSI Key Areas of Network 
          Management
           Fault Management
             Fault Management
              Correcting a work-stopping fault and resuming 
               Correcting a work-stopping fault and resuming 
               normal service with the minimum of delay
               normal service with the minimum of delay
           Steps:
             Steps:
              Determine location of fault
               Determine location of fault
              Isolate rest of network from failure
               Isolate rest of network from failure
              Reconfigure network to operate efficiently without 
               Reconfigure network to operate efficiently without 
               failed components
               failed components
              Rectify fault, reconnect components, reconfigure 
               Rectify fault, reconnect components, reconfigure 
               network again
               network again
                                       
          OSI Key Areas of Network 
          Management
           Accounting Management
             Accounting Management
              Charging cost of providing network to departments 
                Charging cost of providing network to departments 
                or cost centres based on usage statistics
                or cost centres based on usage statistics
           Reasons
             Reasons
              User(s) may overburden network at expense of 
                User(s) may overburden network at expense of 
                other users
                other users
              User(s) making inefficient use of network can be 
                User(s) making inefficient use of network can be 
                targetted by network manager to change 
                targetted by network manager to change 
                procedures are improve performance
                procedures are improve performance
              Network manager can plan for network growth if 
                Network manager can plan for network growth if 
                user activity is known
                user activity is known
                                       
          OSI Key Areas of Network 
          Management
           Configuration and Name Management
             Configuration and Name Management
              Deciding how a device is to be used, choosing 
                Deciding how a device is to be used, choosing 
                appropriate software and settings for the device
                appropriate software and settings for the device
           Concerned with
             Concerned with
              Initialising a network
                Initialising a network
              Gracefully shutting down all or part of a network
                Gracefully shutting down all or part of a network
              Maintaining, adding, updating relationships 
                Maintaining, adding, updating relationships 
                between components
                between components
              Status of components during network operation
                Status of components during network operation
                                       
          OSI Key Areas of Network 
          Management
           Performance Management
             Performance Management
              Identifying deteriorating response or throughput of 
                Identifying deteriorating response or throughput of 
                the network and introducing additional equipment / 
                the network and introducing additional equipment / 
                transmission-capacity to alleviate the problem
                transmission-capacity to alleviate the problem
           Performance issues
             Performance issues
              What is the level of capacity utilisation?
                What is the level of capacity utilisation?
              Is there excessive traffic?
                Is there excessive traffic?
              Has throughput reduced unacceptably?
                Has throughput reduced unacceptably?
              Are there bottlenecks?
                Are there bottlenecks?
              Is response time increasing?
                Is response time increasing?
                                       
        OSI Key Areas of Network 
        Management
         Security Management
           Security Management
            Monitoring and controlling access to 
              Monitoring and controlling access to 
             computer networks
              computer networks
            Concerned with generation, distributing 
              Concerned with generation, distributing 
             and storing encryption keys, passwords 
              and storing encryption keys, passwords 
             and other access control information
              and other access control information
            Requires use of security logs and audit 
              Requires use of security logs and audit 
             records
              records