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08 MAY 2020 B.A. PART II (H) PAPER IV,UNIT V (LEADERSHIP) Behavioural Theory of Leadership: When it became clear that the trait approach was unable to explain what caused effective leadership, the researchers, in the late 1940s, began to study the behaviour of leader. According to this theory, successful leadership depends more on behaviour, skills, and actions, and less on personality traits. It emphasizes that strong leader ship is the result of role behaviour. It is shown by a person’s acts rather than by his traits. 08 MAY 2020 B.A. PART II (H) PAPER IV,UNIT V (LEADERSHIP) In this view, rather than trying to find out who effective leaders are, researchers tried determine what effective leaders do—how they carry out their tasks, how they motivate their subordinates, how they behave and influence, how they communicate with, and so on. Behavioural theory is also known as leadership-style approach, since it describes the patterns of leader behaviour. Features and Implications: i. This approach focuses on two aspects of leadership behaviour—leadership functions and leadership styles. ii. It assumes that effective leaders utilize a particular style to lead individuals to achieve certain goals. 08 MAY 2020 B.A. PART II (H) PAPER IV,UNIT V (LEADERSHIP) iii. Traits provide the latent potential, while the behaviour is the release and expression of these traits. Behaviour can be learned and changed, but many traits, on the other hand, are relatively fixed. iv. This approach focuses on leader effectiveness, not the emergence of an individual as a leader. (Szilagyi and Wallace) v. This theory implies that leadership is multidimen sional concept. Concern for people and concern for task have been identified as important components of leadership. 08 MAY 2020 B.A. PART II (H) PAPER IV,UNIT V (LEADERSHIP) vi. There is no one best way to lead others. Effective leadership behaviour varies according to the situa tion. vii. Leadership is a learned managerial skill. In other words, leadership skills can be taught. viii. Behavioural approach also focuses on the relation ship between leader’s behaviour and subordinate’s performance and satisfaction. In brief, this approach is concerned specifically with what leaders actually do in their leadership roles. A number of studies were made during the 1950s and 1960s that looked at leadership from the standpoint of identify ing the types of behaviour or styles of leaders. 08 MAY 2020 B.A. PART II (H) PAPER IV,UNIT V (LEADERSHIP) These included Ohio State and Michigan studies, Likert’s sys tems of management, Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid, and Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s continuum of leadership styles. Behavioural approach, like trait theory, has not provided universally applicable guidelines for identifying leaders. The basic weakness of this approach was the tendency to assume that there is a single best style of leadership. But, later researchers recognized that an effective style depends on the nature of the situation.
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