6. Evaluation
      A program or a project is expected to be carried out in a 
      certain way and expected to produce a certain result; 
      research is intended to determine whether the 
      anticipated procedure and the outcome are realized. 
      Evaluation research that focuses on the procedure is 
      called formative, and that which attends particularly 
      to the outcome is called summative.
      Examples: 
      • Effectiveness of mental health programs that serve hearing-
       impaired children
      • Evaluation of a regional family planning program
      • Impact of county drug and alcohol programs
      • Evaluation of a rural marketing plan for fire insurance
      • Effectiveness of rehabilitation counseling: an evaluation
   7. Developmental
 The changes over time in one or more observable 
 factors, patterns, or sequences of growth or decline
 may be traced or charted and reported.
 Examples: 
 • Growth of child care centers in American business
 and industry
 • Emergence and spread of credit card utilization
 • The written language development of children
 • The computer and the knowledge explosion: a 
 developmental study
   8. Experimental
 One or more variables may be deliberately manipulated 
 and the results analyzed and rationalized—“true” 
 experiments requiring tight controls and subject 
 randomization.
 Examples: 
 • Reduction of separation anxiety through use of mental
  imagery
 • Use of programmed instruction to correct errors in the written 
  language of deaf adolescents
 • The effects of listening training on salesperson effectiveness
 • Effects of a parental intervention strategy on reading skill 
  development
 • Effects of different options for continued employment on 
  retirement decisions
  9. Exploratory
 Investigations into new or relatively unknown territory for the 
 purpose of searching out or closely scrutinizing objects or 
 phenomena to lead to a better understanding of them.
 Examples: 
 • Telescopic and satellite observations of the composition
  of the surface of the moons of Jupiter
 • The parasitic life in the feces of wild horse herds of the Rocky
  Mountain region
 • The behavior of molten metals under conditions of virtually zero
  gravity
 • The characteristics of “private” languages used by twins and
  triplets in communication between and among themselves
 • The study of extraterrestrial objects for evidences of life forms
  10. Historical
 Individuals or activities are studied to reconstruct the past 
 accurately and without bias to ascertain, document, and interpret 
 their influences or to check the tenability of an hypothesis.
 Examples: 
 • The relevance of the thought of Albert Camus for
  education
 • Sources of individual differences in solutions to management 
  problems
 • Historical landmarks in the management of environmental noise
 • The search for the perpetual motion machine: its contribution to 
  engineering
 • Origins and status of the Montessori movement in the United 
  States