INFECTION PREVENTION
   It is the collective effort made by health 
  care providers and clients to prevent or 
  minimize the risks of transmitting 
  infections to clients or to other health 
  care providers
            THE DISEASE TRANSMISSION CYCLE
                    Susceptible Hosts                         Reservoirs
                          Clients                               People
                     Service Providers                   Water and solutions
                       Community                             Instruments  
                        members Infectious Agents:            Soil and air
                                    Bacteria
                                    Viruses
                                    Fungi
         Places of Entry            Parasites                         Places of Exit
           Broken skin                                                 Respiratory, 
        Puncture wound                                               genitourinary, 
           Surgical site              Modes of                             GIT
            Mucous                   Transmission                 Mucous Membranes
           membranes                    Contact                         Placenta
                                        Vehicle
                                       Airborne
                                        Vector 
                                                                      Imarisha Maisha
       EXAMPLE: TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B
                Susceptible Hosts          Reservoir
                    Uninfected         Chronic hepatitis B 
                  service provider            virus
                                             Carrier
                          Infectious 
                          Agents:
      Places of Entry     Hepatitis B 
      Cut on a service    Virus
      provider’s hand                           Places of Exit
                             Modes of            Bloodstream
                           Transmission
                              Vehicle 
                       (surgical instrument)
                                                Imarisha Maisha
  ADVANTAGES OF  INFECTION PREVENTION:
  Prevents post procedure infections when 
  providing clinical contraceptive methods (eg, 
  IUCDs, implants)
  Results in high-quality, safe services
  Prevents infections in staff
  Protects the community
  Prevents the spread of antibiotic-resistant 
  microorganisms
  Lowers the cost of health care
                      UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
   
     A simple set of effective practices designed to 
     protect health workers and patients from 
     infection with a range of pathogens
   
     Help break the disease-transmission cycle at the 
     mode of transmission step 
   
     These practices are used when caring for all 
      patients regardless of diagnosis.