Betty Neuman
            •  Received her Nursing Diploma 
             in 1947 at the Peoples Hospital 
             School of Nursing at Akron, 
             Ohio
            • She developed the theory 
             during her practice as a mental 
             health nurse.
            • Her model was first published in 
             1972 and was entitled as a 
             “Model for teaching total person 
             approach to patient problems” 
             in the journal Nursing 
             Research.
 The Systems theory
 • Provides a holistic approach in nursing. 
 • Classified as a grand model wherein 
  the theory can be widely applied within 
  the scope of nursing
 • There is an imbalance between the 
  strength of the person and 
  environmental factors
 Application of the Theory in Nursing
 • The nurse utilizes primary, secondary 
  and tertiary interventions in relation to 
  the stressors affecting the client. 
 • The nurse must undertake a 3-stage 
  nursing process
  –Nursing Diagnosis
  –Nursing Goals
  –Nursing Outcomes
 Client Variables
 • To assess and treat clients holistically, 
  the nurse must look into the following 
  variables:
  –Physiologic
  –Psychological
  –Developmental
  –Socio-cultural
  –Spiritual
   References:
   •  Carol, T. & Carol, L. (2001)The Art & Science  Of 
      Nursing Care 4th ed. Philadelphia,  Lippincott. 
   •  Delaune SC,. Ladner PK (2002) Fundamental of 
      nursing, standard and practice, 2nd edition, 
      Thomson, NY.
   •  Reed PG (2006) The force of nursing theory guided- 
      practice. Nurs Sci Q., 9(3):225 
   •  Vandemark L.M. (2006) Awareness of self & 
      expanding consciousness: using Nursing theories to 
      prepare nurse –therapists, Ment Health Nurs. 27(6) : 
      605-15