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CAEP Conference, Spring 2014 Case Study Definitions and Examples of Different Types of Case Studies Case Study Type Definition Published Study Example Explanatory This type of case study would be used Joia (2002). Analysing a web-based if you were seeking to answer a e-commerce learning community: A question that sought to explain the case study in Brazil. Internet presumed causal links in real-life Research, 12, 305-317. interventions that are too complex for the survey or experimental strategies. In evaluation language, the explanations would link program implementation with program effects (Yin, 2003). Exploratory This type of case study is used to Lotzkar & Bottorff (2001). An explore those situations in which the observational study of the intervention being evaluated has no development of a nurse-patient clear, single set of outcomes (Yin, relationship. Clinical Nursing 2003). Research, 10, 275-294. Multiple-case studies A multiple case study enables the Campbell & Ahrens (1998). researcher to explore differences Innovative community services for within and between cases. The goal is rape victims: An application of to replicate findings across cases. multiple case study methodology. Because comparisons will be drawn, American Journal of Community it is imperative that the cases are Psychology, 26, 537-571. chosen carefully so that the researcher can predict similar results across cases, or predict contrasting results based on a theory (Yin, 2003). Intrinsic Stake (1995) uses the term intrinsic Hellström, Nolan, & Lundh and suggests that researchers who (2005). “We do things have a genuine interest in the case together” A case study of should use this approach when the “couplehood” in dementia. intent is to better understand the case. Dementia, 4(1), 7-22. It is not undertaken primarily because the case represents other cases or because it illustrates a particular trait or problem, but because in all its particularity and ordinariness, the case itself is of interest. The purpose is NOT to come to understand some abstract construct or generic phenomenon. The purpose is NOT to build theory (although that is an option; Stake, 1995). 1 Case Study Type Definition Published Study Example Instrumental Is used to accomplish something other Luck, Jackson, & Usher (2007). than understanding a particular STAMP: Components of observable situation. It provides insight into an behaviour that indicate potential for issue or helps to refine a theory. The patient violence in emergency case is of secondary interest; it plays a departments. Journal of Advanced supportive role, facilitating our Nursing, 59, 11-19. understanding of something else. The case is often looked at in depth, its contexts scrutinized, its ordinary activities detailed, and because it helps the researcher pursue the external interest. The case may or may not be seen as typical Collective Collective case studies are similar in Scheib (2003). Role stress in the nature and description to multiple professional life of the school music case studies (Yin, 2003) teacher: A collective case study. Journal of Research in Music Education, 51,124-136. Source: Baxter & Jack, 2008, p. 547-549. References Baxter, P., Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-559. Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Additional Resources Gerring, J. (2005) Case Study Research. New York: Cambridge University Press. Scholz, R.W. & Tietje, O. (2002). Embedded Case Study Methods: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Knowledge. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage The Case Study as a Research Method. (1997). Retrieved from www.ischool.utexas.edu/~ssoy/ usesusers/l391d1b.htm Thomas, G. (2011). A typology for the case study in social science following a review of definition, discourse and structure. Qualitative Inquiry, 17(6), 511-521. Thomas, G. (2011) How to do your Case Study: A Guide for Students and Researchers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 2
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