Staffing
                       Stage 1              Stage 3            Stage 5
      Key Players      Part-time clerks     Full-time          Regional and 
                       or admins            Travel             Global Travel 
                                            Manager            Councils
      Knowledge of     Very limited,        Good, but          Strong, well 
      Travel           very task-           limited to local  aware of 
                       oriented             conditions         global travel 
                                                               issues
      Main Focus       Arranging travel     Managing           Strategic 
                                            travel policies    management 
                                            and suppliers      of travel 
                                                               category
  Travel Policies
                         Stage  1               Stage 3             Stage 5
       Quality of        Vague or not           Fairly clear        Very clear and 
       Travel Allowed    specified                                  fair
       Methods of        Vague or not           Fairly clear        Very clear and 
       Booking and       specified              and mostly          practical
       Payment                                  practical
       Support of        Not a focus            “Should” or         “Must” with 
       Preferred                                “Expected”          few exceptions
       Suppliers
       Enforcement       Light or               Moderate,           Strong, very 
                         inconsistent           mostly              consistent
                                                consistent
  Method of Booking
                       Stage 1             Stage 3           Stage 5
      Main Resource    Local travel        Country-          Global 
                       agents              specific Travel   Consolidated 
                                           Agency            Travel Agency
      Automation       None                Self-booking      Self-booking  
                                           tools with        available for 
                                           limited           most trips
                                           content
      Agent Support    Varies greatly      Local, fairly     Regional call 
                                           consistent        centers, high 
                                                             standards
  Method of Payment
                       Stage 1             Stage 3           Stage 5
      Administration  Mostly manual        Mix of manual  Regional or 
      and Control                          and               global admin 
                                           automated         via issuing 
                                           processes         bank’s 
                                                             platform
      Quality of       Poor, very hard     Varies a lot by   Excellent, easy 
      Travel Data      to consolidate      country           to consolidate
      Reconciliation   None                Reconciliation  Highly 
                                           takes time        automated
  Travel Data
                       Stage 1                 Stage 3               Stage 5
    Airlines           Low-value               Basic segment         Highly 
                       manual reports          data, no              automated, 
                                               booking class,        detailed, 
                                               uses city codes       scrubbed and 
                                                                     summarized
    Hotels             Top hotels per          TMC and card-         Booked, billed 
                       expense reports         driven data           and expensed 
                                                                     with room 
                                                                     night detail
    TMCs               Low-value               Monthly               Real-time KPIs 
                       manual reports          operational           and dashboards
                                               metrics