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Golden Sheet of Nomenclature Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions Symbol Name Symbol Name Symbol Name + hydrogen ion 2+ strontium ion - bromide H Sr Br + lithium ion 2+ barium ion - iodide Li Ba I + sodium ion 2+ radium ion 2- oxide Na Ra O + potassium ion 2+ zinc ion 2- sulfide K Zn S + rubidium ion 2+ calcium ion 2- selenide Rb Ca Se + cesium ion 3+ aluminum ion 2- telluride Cs Al Te + silver ion - hydride 3- nitride Ag H N 2+ beryllium ion - fluoride 3- phosphide Be F P 2+ magnesium ion - chloride 3- arsenide Mg Cl As Note that the letters in an anion’s name before the -ide ending is the stem. For example, the stem for bromide is brom- and the stem for sulfur is sulf-. Symbols and Charges for Polyatomic Ions Formula Name Formula Name + - perchlorate NH4 ammonium ClO4 - - - NO nitrate CHO acetate (CH3COO) 3 2 3 2 - nitrite - chlorate NO2 ClO3 2- chromate - chlorite CrO4 ClO2 2- dichromate - hypochlorite Cr O ClO 2 7 - cyanide - periodate CN IO4 - permanganate - iodate MnO4 IO3 - hydroxide - hypoiodite OH IO 2- peroxide - bromate O2 BrO3 - amide - hypobromite NH2 BrO 2- carbonate - hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) CO3 HCO3 2- sulfate - hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) SO HSO 4 2- sulfite 4 - hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite) SO HSO 3 2- oxalate 3 - hydrogen oxalate (binoxalate) CO HCO 2 4 2 4 3- phosphate 2- hydrogen phosphate PO4 HPO4 3- phosphite - dihydrogen phosphate PO3 H2PO4 2- thiosulfate - hydrogen sulfide S O HS 2 3 3- arsenate 3- borate AsO BO 4 3 2- selenate 2- tetraborate SeO B O 4 4 7 2- silicate 2- hexafluorosilicate SiO SiF 3 2- tartrate 6 - thiocyanate CHO SCN 4 4 6 Prefixes Used to Indicate Number in a Name Involving Two Non-metals mono- 1 hexa- 6 di- 2 hepta- 7 tri- 3 octa- 8 tetra- 4 nona- 9 penta- 5 deca- 10 These prefixes are used in naming binary compounds involving two non-metals. Example include P O Cl O, NO, N O, NO N O PCl , PCl , SO , SO , SiO . Sometimes metal ions are 2 5, 2 2 2, 2 5, 3 5 2 3 2 involved in a Greek prefix name, but these are less common. Examples include UF6, SbCl3, SbCl , OsO , BiCl . 5 4 3 Golden Sheet of Nomenclature There is a preferred order of the nonmetals when writing them in a formula. It is: Rn, Xe, Kr, B, Si, C, Sb, As, P, N, H, Te, Se, S, I, Br, Cl, O, F. CO is carbon monoxide, NOT carbon monooxide. As O is tetrarsenic hexoxide, NOT 4 6 tetraarsenic hexaoxide. Metals with more than one oxidation number Symbol Systematic name Classical Symbol Systematic Name Classical (stock system) Name (stock system) Name 1+ copper (I) cuprous 2+ mercury (I) mercurous Cu Hg 2+ copper (II) cupric 22+ mercury (II) mercuric Cu Hg 2+ iron (II) ferrous 2+ lead (II) plumbous Fe Pb 3+ iron (III) ferric 4+ lead (IV) plumbic Fe Pb 2+ tin (II) stannous 2+ cobalt (II) cobaltous Sn Co 4+ tin (IV) stannic 3+ cobalt (III) cobaltic Sn Co 2+ chromium (II) chromous + gold (I) aurous Cr Au 3+ chromium (III) chromic 3+ gold (III) auric Cr Au 2+ manganese (II) manganous 2+ nickel (II) nickelous Mn Ni 3+ manganese (III) manganic 3+ nickel (III) nickelic Mn Ni Acid Names Non-Oxygen Containing Oxygen Containing (Oxyacids) Formula Name when dissolved Name as a pure Formula Name in H O compound 2 HF hydrofluoric acid hydrogen HNO nitric acid fluoride 3 HCl hydrochloric acid hydrogen HNO nitrous acid chloride 2 HBr hydrobromic acid hydrogen HSO sulfuric acid bromide 2 4 HI hydroiodic acid hydrogen HSO sulfurous acid iodide 2 3 HCN hydrocyanic acid hydrogen HPO phosphoric acid cyanide 3 4 HS hydrosulfuric acid hydrogen sulfide HCHO acetic acid 2 2 3 2 (CH3COOH) Add the word acid to each name when saying or writing. Note that it is hydrogen sulfide, NOT hydrogen sulfuride. Diatomic Elements The following elements are diatomic elements: Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, and F. For example, hydrogen would be written as H2 and oxygen would be written as O2 when they are not combined with other elements. To remember this, remember the name “BrINClHOF” (said brinkle-hoff) or the phrase “I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends.” Lastly, you can look for the hockey puck (Hydrogen) and stick (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine).
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