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                                                                  Grokking	the	dynamic	programming	interview
  Coding	interviews	are	getting	harder	every	day.	A	few	years	back,	brushing	up	on	key	data	structures	and	going	through	50–75	practice	coding	interview	questions	was	more	than	enough	prep	for	an	interview.	Today,	everyone	has	access	to	massive	sets	of	coding	problems,	and	they’ve	gotten	more	difficult	as	well.	The	overall	interview	process	has
  gotten	more	competitive.	In	this	post,	I’d	like	to	share	a	strategy	I	follow	to	prepare	for	coding	interviews.	My	software	engineering	career	spans	around	15	years,	in	which	I’ve	switched	jobs	five	times.	I’ve	given	around	30	interview	loops	containing	120+	interviews.	I	have	some	experience	sitting	on	the	other	side	of	the	table	too.	I’ve	taken	200+
  coding	interviews	and	100+	system	design	interviews.	I	consider	myself	a	reasonably	smart	engineer,	but	I	had	my	challenges	solving	coding	problems	on	a	whiteboard,	especially	in	an	interview	setting	with	someone	evaluating	me.	To	tackle	this,	I’d	spend	a	reasonable	time	for	preparation	and	practice.	One	thing	I	didn’t	realize	was	that	while	doing
  my	preparation,	I	was	following	a	systematic	approach.	I	would	go	through	12–15	questions,	practicing	two	hours	every	day.	This	meant	that	I	could	solve	350+	questions	within	one	month.	Using	this	routine,	I	was	able	to	crack	my	interviews	for	FAANGs	(Facebook,	Apple,	Amazon,	Netflix,	Google).	How	was	I	able	to	practice	12+	coding	questions
  every	day	with	a	fulltime	job?	Well,	I	wasn’t	solving	coding	problems	but	practicing	to	map	problems	onto	problems	that	I’d	already	solved.	I	used	to	read	a	problem	and	spend	a	few	minutes	to	map	it	to	a	similar	problem	I’d	seen	before.	If	I	could	map	it,	I’d	focus	only	on	the	different	constraints	this	problem	had	compared	to	the	parent	problem.	If	it
  was	a	new	problem,	then	I’d	try	to	solve	it	and	also	read	around	to	find	smart	ways	other	people	used	to	devise	its	algorithm.	Over	time,	I	developed	a	set	of	problem-patterns	that	helped	me	quickly	map	a	problem	to	an	already-known	one.	Here	are	some	examples	of	these	patterns:	If	the	given	input	is	sorted	(array,	list,	or	matrix),	then	we	will	use	a
  variation	of	Binary	Search	or	a	Two	Pointers	strategy.	If	we’re	dealing	with	top/maximum/minimum/closest	k	elements	among	n	elements,	we	will	use	a	Heap.	If	we	need	to	try	all	combinations	(or	permutations)	of	the	input,	we	can	either	use	recursive	Backtracking	or	iterative	Breadth-First	Search.	Following	this	pattern-based	approach	helped	me
  save	a	lot	of	preparation	time.	Once	you’re	familiar	with	a	pattern,	you’ll	be	able	to	solve	dozens	of	problems	with	it.	In	addition,	this	strategy	made	me	confident	to	tackle	unknown	problems,	as	I’ve	been	practicing	mapping	unknown	problems	to	known	ones.	In	the	remaining	post,	I	will	share	all	the	patterns	I’ve	collected	and	present	sample
  problems	for	a	few.	For	a	detailed	discussion	of	these	and	related	problems	with	solutions	take	a	look	at	Grokking	the	Coding	Interview.	Sample	Problem	for	Binary	Search	Bitonic	array	maximum	Problem	statement	Find	the	maximum	value	in	a	given	Bitonic	array.	An	array	is	considered	bitonic	if	it	is	monotonically	increasing	and	then	monotonically
  decreasing.	Monotonically	increasing	or	decreasing	means	that	for	any	index	i	in	the	array,	arr[i]	!=	arr[i+1].	Example:	Input:	[1,	3,	8,	12,	4,	2],	Output:	12	Solution	A	bitonic	array	is	a	sorted	array;	the	only	difference	is	that	its	first	part	is	sorted	in	ascending	order,	and	the	second	part	is	sorted	in	descending	order.	We	can	use	a	variation	of	Binary
  Search	to	solve	this	problem.	Remember	that	in	Binary	Search	we	have	start,	end,	and	middle	indices	and	in	each	step	we	reduce	our	search	space	by	moving	start	or	end.	Since	no	two	consecutive	numbers	are	the	same	(as	the	array	is	monotonically	increasing	or	decreasing),	whenever	we	calculate	the	middle	index	for	Binary	Search,	we	can
  compare	the	numbers	pointed	out	by	the	index	middle	and	middle+1	to	find	if	we	are	in	the	ascending	or	the	descending	part.	So:	If	arr[middle]	>	arr[middle	+	1],	we	are	in	the	second	(descending)	part	of	the	bitonic	array.	Therefore,	our	required	number	could	either	be	pointed	out	by	middle	or	will	be	before	middle.	This	means	we	will	do	end	=
  middle.	If	arr[middle]	S	=	S	-	node.value,	b)	Make	two	recursive	calls	for	both	the	children	of	the	current	node	with	the	new	number	calculated	in	the	previous	step.	At	every	step,	see	if	the	current	node	being	visited	is	a	leaf	node	and	if	its	value	is	equal	to	the	given	number	S.	If	both	are	true,	we	have	found	the	required	root-to-leaf	path,	therefore
  return	true.	If	the	current	node	is	a	leaf,	but	its	value	is	not	equal	to	the	given	number	S,	return	false.	Code	Here	is	what	our	algorithm	will	look	like:	Conclusion	Following	these	patterns	helped	me	tremendously	to	save	time	for	my	coding	interview	prep.	Take	a	look	at	Grokking	the	Coding	Interview	and	Grokking	Dynamic	Programming	Patterns	for
  Coding	Interviews	to	find	more	of	such	patterns	and	their	sample	problems.	Check	Design	Gurus	for	some	good	courses	on	Programming	Interviews	and	System	Design	interviews.	Rishabhraghwendra18	-	Jun	8	Forem	Open	with	the	Forem	app	Hello	guys,	today,	I	am	going	to	talk	about	a	new	online	learning	platform	called	Educative,	a	text-based,
  interactive	learning	platform.	If	you	are	an	online	learner	like	me,	you	might	have	heard	about	Educative	or	come	across	some	of	its	excellent	and	most	popular	courses	like	Grokking	the	System	Design	Interviews	course,	which	I	have	mentioned	earlier	in	my	article	about	System	design	Interviews	questions.	So,	what	is	so	special	about	Educative?
  How	different	is	it	from	other	popular	online	platforms	like	Udemy,	Coursera,	Pluralsight,	and	Codecademy?	Well,	Educative	is	different	becuase	it	is	mainly	a	text-based	learning	platform	that	allows	you	to	code	and	program	right	in	the	browser.	Unlike	Udemy	or	Coursera,	where	you	learn	by	watching	videos,	you	learn	more	by	reading	and	trying
  code	samples	in	Educative.	There	are	some	distinct	advantages	of	learning	by	reading,	particularly	rich-text.	For	example,	reading	is	always	faster	than	watching	videos,	and	I	have	seen	many	people	just	skipping	to	find	out	interesting	information	between	long	and	boring	videos.	With	text,	you	can	skip	faster	and	also	take	notes	easier.	The	Edutive's
  cutting-edge	technology	also	allows	you	to	run	code	in	the	browser.	This	means	you	can	learn	Python,	Java,	Ruby,	JavaScript,	and	even	C++	in	the	browser	using	Educative's	innovating	code	widgets.	In	short,	the	Educative	platform	has	a	lot	to	offer	as	a	platform	and	it's	worth	looking	at,	but	just	a	platform	will	not	be	enough	unless	you	have	some
  excellent	courses	that	utilize	the	full	potential	of	the	platform	and	provide	you	an	amazing	learning	experience	and	educative	is	full	of	them.	In	this	article,	I	am	going	to	share	with	you	the	top	10	Educative	Courses	for	Programmers	and	Software	Engineers.	You	can	check	out	these	courses	to	level	up	essential	skills	for	programmers	like	System
  design,	Algorithms,	Docker,	Kubernetes,	React,	JavaScript,	C++,	and	Dynamic	programming.	These	are	the	truly	useful	skills	to	master	and	Educative's	interactive	learning	platform	will	help	you	to	master	them	quickly.	Without	wasting	any	more	of	your	time,	here	is	a	list	of	the	best	interactive,	text-based	courses	from	the	Educative.io	platform	for
  programmers	and	software	engineers.	They	have	been	created	by	experts	and	Educative's	state	of	art	platform	makes	learning	easy	with	interactive	quizzes,	and	the	ability	to	run	the	program	right	from	your	browser.	This	is	actually	the	first	and	probably	the	best	course	I	have	seen	on	Educative.	Created	by	Design	Guru	this	course	tackles	the	topic
  of	System	design.	If	you	have	attended	coding	interviews	then	you	may	know	that	dealing	with	System	design	questions	is	not	easy,	especially	if	you	don't	have	much	experience	in	real-world	software	development.	Things	like	caching,	scalability,	fault-tolerance,	Microservices,	database	design	are	important	to	design	software	but	not	easy	to	master.
  This	course	provides	a	good	introduction	to	all	the	things	you	can	keep	in	mind	while	designing	a	new	system	like	a	website,	an	application,	or	just	an	app.	This	course	is	a	must	if	you	want	to	crack	the	coding	interview	but	even	if	you	are	not	preparing	for	an	interview,	you	will	learn	a	lot	about	software	architect	and	design	by	going	through	this
  course	which	will	eventually	make	you	a	better	programmer.	This	one	is	another	fantastic	course	from	the	Educative	platform	for	programmers.	Unlike	other	online	courses	where	you	prepare	for	coding	interviews	by	solving	problems,	this	course	will	teach	you	how	to	find	underlying	coding	patterns	so	that	you	can	solve	similar	problems	on	coding
  interviews.	This	technique	of	finding	patterns	and	developing	coding	sense	is	a	must	if	you	want	to	crack	a	coding	interview	on	companies	like	Google,	Microsoft,	Amazon,	Apple,	Facebook,	NetFlix,	or	any	FAANG	company.	Why?	because	they	often	give	you	a	coding	problem	that	you	have	never	seen	before.	If	you	know	how	to	break	the	problem	into
  recognized	patterns	you	can	solve	them.	I	highly	recommend	this	course	to	anyone	who	is	preparing	for	coding	interviews	but	just	like	the	previous	course,	even	if	you	are	not	preparing	for	an	interview,	you	can	join	this	course	to	improving	your	coding	skill	and	become	a	better	developer.	This	is	the	third	course	I	have	chosen	from	Educative	for
  programmers	preparing	for	coding	interview	and	that's	becuase	Educative	really	have	the	best	collection	of	coding	interview	courses.	This	course	tackles	another	difficult	topic	of	Dynamic	Programming	from	coding	interviews.	If	you	don't	know	Dynamic	Programming	is	a	technique	to	solve	complex	problems	by	breaking	them	down	into	smaller
  similar	problems.	It	uses	Recursion	and	Memoization	to	solve	individual	parts	to	eventually	solve	the	bigger	problem,	but	it's	not	easy	to	master.	This	course	will	give	you	all	the	knowledge	you	need	to	master	Dynamic	Programming	and	you	will	learn	by	solving	the	most	popular	dynamic	programming	problem	from	interviews	so	that	you	are	ready	to
  solve	them	when	you	really	need	it.	If	there	is	one	tool	every	programmer	should	learn	this	year,	then	it	should	be	Docker.	If	you	don't	know	what	is	Docker?	then	let	me	tell	you	that	Docker	is	a	container	tool	that	solves	the	problem	of	executing	a	complex	application	with	so	many	dependencies.	It	also	solves	the	problem	of	deployment	on	the	scale
  because	it	bundles	the	application	and	all	its	dependency	into	a	single	Docker	image	(similar	to	a	tar	file)	and	you	just	have	to	deploy	that	image	instead	of	setting	up	the	whole	environment	by	installing	OS,	shells,	and	different	dependencies.	The	best	thing	about	Docker	is	that	Docker	containers	are	very	lightweight	and	can	be	deployed	on	any
  physical	and	virtual	machine,	which	makes	them	ideal	for	cloud	deployments	like	on	AWS,	GCP,	and	Azure.	This	course,	Docker	for	Developers	will	teach	you	all	the	things	a	Developer	should	know	about	Docker,	and	Educative's	interactive	learning	platform	means	you	will	learn	Docker	by	practicing	and	doing	hands-on	exercise	Along	with	Docker,
  Kubernetes	is	another	tool	that	is	taking	the	world	by	storm.	It	takes	the	container	deployment	to	the	next	level.	While	Docker	solves	the	problem	of	application	deployment	by	bundling	application	code,	dependency,	and	runtime	environments	like	OS	and	Java,	.NET,	and	Node	into	a	single	Docker	image	file,	it	is	still	not	easy	to	spawn	and	manage
  hundreds	and	thousands	of	containers	depending	upon	scalability	needs.	Kubernetes	solves	this	problem	by	automating	container	management.	IT	can	automatically	create	new	containers	when	your	traffic	doubles	up	and	can	shut	them	down	when	your	application	load	returns	to	normal.	If	you	aspire	to	become	a	DevOps	engineer	or	just	want	to
  become	a	full-stack	developer,	learning	Kubernetes	can	enhance	your	profile	and	this	course	can	really	help	you	to	learn	Kubernetes	in	depth.	AWS	is	another	skill	that	I	think	every	developer	should	acquire,	not	just	to	enhance	their	profile	and	CV	but	also	to	learn	how	the	application	will	be	executed	in	the	near	future.	Since	cloud	computing	is	the
  future	of	software	development	and	more	and	more	applications	are	now	run	from	the	Cloud,	it	becomes	imperative	for	a	developer	to	know	how	the	cloud	works	and	how	essential	things	like	computers,	memory,	storage,	and	network	are	provisioned.	but,	learning	AWS	can	be	tedious	and	time-consuming	with	so	many	services	and	their	options,
  that's	where	this	course	help.	This	course	teaches	you	the	good	and	essential	parts	of	AWS.	You	won’t	find	most	of	the	knowledge	shared	in	this	course	anywhere	else	or	in	the	AWS	docs.	The	goal	here	is	to	help	you	realize	which	AWS	features	you’d	be	foolish	not	to	use	—	features	that	have	passed	the	test	of	time	by	being	at	the	backbone	of	most
  things	on	the	Internet.	There	is	no	doubt	that	JavaScript	is	the	kind	of	web	development,	the	most	lucrative	path	of	Software	development	but	JavaScript	has	changed	a	lot	in	the	last	few	years.	It's	not	the	same	JavaScript	you	and	I	learned	as	part	of	our	client-side	validation	10	years	ago.	Modern	JavaScript	is	a	much	more	powerful	programming
  language	including	both	OOP	and	Functional	programming	features	to	write	clean	and	concise	code.	This	course,	The	Complete	Guide	to	Modern	JavaScript	will	guide	you	from	the	basics	of	the	language	to	all	the	new	features	introduced	up	until	now.	Whether	you	are	a	beginner	to	JavaScript	or	already	have	some	experience,	this	course	will	only
  enhance	your	JavaScript	knowledge	and	make	you	a	better	developer.	You’ll	also	test	your	knowledge	with	quizzes	and	some	coding	challenges	by	using	the	Educative'	interactive	online	learning	platform.	Apart	from	coding	interview	courses,	C++	is	another	topic	where	Educative	have	the	best	courses.	They	have	courses	covering	individual	C++
  areas	like	Template,	Embedded	programming,	and	then	courses	like	this	one	which	goes	deep	on	C++17.	This	course	describes	all	the	significant	changes	in	C++17	and	will	give	you	the	essential	knowledge	to	stay	at	the	edge	of	the	latest	features.	What’s	more,	each	section	contains	lots	of	practical	examples	and	uses	a	bottom-up	approach	to	give
  you	a	more	comfortable	start	If	you	want	to	take	your	C++	skills	to	the	next	level	then	I	highly	recommend	this	course	to	you	and	if	you	want,	you	can	also	check	out	their	other	C++	titles.	You	know	what,	you	can	actually	take	an	Educative	subscription	to	try	out	all	these	courses	instead	of	buying	them	individually.	It's	a	much	better	deal	becuase	of
  the	cost	of	$14.99	per	month	you	get	access	to	their	140+	course	library.	As	I	said,	Educative	has	the	best	online	courses	for	preparing	for	programming	job	interviews,	and	concurrency	is	one	of	the	key	skills	for	coding	interviews.	It's	not	just	important	to	pass	the	interview	but	also	to	work	on	today's	high-performance	and	highly	concurrent
  applications.	Concurrency	in	Java	is	one	of	the	most	complex	and	advanced	topics	brought	up	during	senior	engineering	interviews.	Knowledge	of	Concurrency	and	Multithreading	can	put	interviewees	at	a	considerable	advantage.	This	course	lays	the	foundations	of	advanced	concurrency	and	multithreading	and	explains	concepts	such	as	Monitors
  and	Deferred	Callbacks	in	depth.	It	will	also	teach	you	how	to	solve	popular	concurrency	coding	problems	that	can	be	asked	about	in	interviews	like	the	Reader-Writer	Problem	and	the	Dining	Philosopher	Problem.	Whether	you	are	a	beginner	or	an	experienced	Java	programmer,	I	highly	recommend	this	course	to	you	if	you	want	to	take	your
  concurrency	skills	to	the	next	level	There	is	no	doubt	that	React.js	is	the	number	one	framework	for	frontend	development.	Just	like	JavaScript	is	a	kind	of	Web	development	and	Python	is	the	king	of	DataScinece	React	is	also	the	most	important	for	any	frontend	developer.	You	may	know	to	React	already	but	the	thing	is	that	React.js	keeps	changing
  and	introduced	a	new	feature	in	every	release	and	it's	not	easy	to	keep	up	with	them	and	that's	where	this	course	help.	n	this	course	you	will	take	a	deep	dive	into	React	fundamentals,	covering	all	new	React	concepts	including	Hooks.	I	do	address	some	legacy	features	in	case	you’re	working	with	an	older	codebase,	but	the	majority	of	this	course	will
  focus	on	working	with	modern	React.	You	will	learn	how	to	style	your	app,	techniques	for	maintaining	your	app,	and	some	more	advanced	concepts	like	performance	optimization.	Software	architecture	is	one	topic	that	many	developers	don't	pay	the	required	attention	to.	Unfortunately,	there	are	also	not	good	materials	available	to	learn	about
  different	software	architecture,	their	pros	and	cons	together.	You	need	to	search	hard	and	need	to	know	how	to	find	those	gems	of	articles	and	you	may	find	them	if	you	are	really	lucky	but	for	most	of	us	it	just	passes	by	and	so	this	useful	topic	remains	weak.	This	course	solves	that	problem	by	explaining	everything	about	Software	architecture
  programmers	need	to	know.	If	you’re	looking	for	a	complete	course	on	web	application	and	software	architecture,	I	recommend	checking	out	this	Web	Application	and	Software	Architecture	101	course	on	Educative.	This	is	a	useful	course	for	anyone	looking	to	strengthen	their	overall	knowledge	of	software	architecture.	That's	all	about	the	10	best
  Educative	Courses	for	Programmers	and	Software	Engineers.	This	list	includes	courses	that	are	very	good	for	preparing	programming	interviews	like	Grokking	series	as	well	as	some	awesome	courses	to	learn	tools	like	Docker	and	Kubernetes	and	programming	languages	like	Python,	Java,	C++,	and	JavaScript.	If	you	find	these	online	courses	and
  Educative	platforms	useful	then	you	can	also	consider	getting	an	Educative	Subscription	which	gives	you	access	to	their	100+	courses	for	just	$18	per	month.	Sometimes	you	need	this	flexibility	of	joining	a	course	you	want	instead	of	purchasing	it.	It's	also	a	better	deal	if	you	are	going	to	attend	more	than	a	couple	of	courses	on	Educative	in	a	year.
  Other	Useful	Resources	for	Programmers	and	Developers	Thanks	for	reading	this	article	so	far.	If	you	find	these	online	courses	and	Educative	platforms	useful	then	please	share	with	your	friends	and	colleagues.	If	you	have	any	questions	or	feedback	then	please	drop	a	note.	Learning	has	never	been	so	easy	and	fun.	P.	S.	-	If	you	are	looking	for	some
  free	courses	to	explore	the	Educative	platform	and	their	interactive	learning	tools	then	I	also	suggest	you	check	out	my	earlier	article	about	10	Free	Educative	courses	for	Programmers	and	Developers.	There	I	have	mentioned	free	Educative.io	courses	for	programmers	to	learn	Java,	Python,	C++,	JavaScript,	and	Web	development.
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