PROBABILITAS DAN STATISTIKA  
                            BERANJU SIHOMBING
                                 202406026
                                 KOM A’20
                                      
                    PROGRAM STUDI D-3 TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
              FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
                        UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
                                  MEDAN
                                   2021
                          KATA PENGANTAR
              Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT, dengan limpah karunia-
           Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan makalah ini dengan judul Probabilitas dan
           Statistika.
              Terima kasih penulis sampaikan  kepada setiap pihak yang sudah mendukung
           selama berlangsungnya pembuatan makalah ini. Terkhusus lagi penulis sampaikan
           terima kasih kepada Bapak Tulus Joseph Herianto,S.Si,M.Si selaku dosen pengajar dan
           asisten laboratorium Atika Adella yang telah membimbing . Penulis sekaligus juga
           berharap semoga makalah ini bisa bermamfaat bagi setiap pembaca.
              Disertai keseluruhan rasa rendah hati, kritik dan saran yang membangun amat
           penulis nantikan, agar nantinya penulis dapat meningkatkan dan merevisi kembali
           pembuatan makalah di tugas lainnya dan diwaktu berikutnya.
                                     Pematangsiantar, Maret 2021
                                          Penulis
                           DAFTAR ISI
                                              Halaman
           KATA PENGANTAR..........................................................................................................................ii
           DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................................................iii
           BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN...................................................................................................................1
            1.1 Latar Belakang.....................................................................................................................1
            1.2 Rumusan masalah...............................................................................................................1
            1.3 Tujuan Penulisan.................................................................................................................2
           BAB 2 PENGENALAN PBS DAN BAHASA R........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
            2.1 Pengertian Probabilitas dan Statistika...................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
            2.2 Bahasa Pemrograman R......................................................................................................4
            2.3 Sejarah R.............................................................................................................................4
            2.4 Fitur dan Karakteristik.........................................................................................................4
            2.5 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan R...............................................................................................5
             2.5.1 Kelebihan R...................................................................................................................5
             2.5.2 Kekurangan R................................................................................................................6
            2.6 Kegunaan dan Mamfaat R...................................................................................................7
           BAB 3 TIPE DATA............................................................................................................................8
            3.1 Defenisi Tipe Data...............................................................................................................8
            3.2 Struktur Data.......................................................................................................................9
           BAB 4 OPERASI VEKTOR DAN MATRIKS.......................................................................................15
            4.1 Operasi Vektor...................................................................................................................15
            4.2 Membuat Vektor...............................................................................................................15
            4.3 Missing Values...................................................................................................................16
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            4.4 Operasi Vektor...................................................................................................................16
            4.5 Penyelesaian Matriks Dalam R...........................................................................................17
            4.6 Operasi-Operasi Dalam Martiks.........................................................................................17
           BAB 5 LOOPING...........................................................................................................................22
            5.1 Pengertian Looping............................................................................................................22
            5.2 Jenis-Jenis Looping............................................................................................................23
             5.2.1 Kontrol Loop While.....................................................................................................23
             5.2.2 Kontrol Loop For.........................................................................................................24
             5.2.3 Kontrol Loop Repeat...................................................................................................25
            5.3 Contoh Program................................................................................................................26
           BAB 6 KONDISI.............................................................................................................................28
            6.1 Percabangan......................................................................................................................28
            6.2 Struktur Kontrol.................................................................................................................29
             6.2.1 If Statement…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….29
             6.2.2 If Else Statement……………………………………………………………………………………………………..29
             6.2.3 Switch……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..30
           BAB 7 PENUTUP..........................................................................................................................31
            7.1 Kesimpulan........................................................................................................................31
            7.2 Saran.................................................................................................................................31
           DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................................................32
            
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