Overview of monitoring tools from the 
                       
       perspective of restoration ecology and natural 
                       
                   capital  
                  James Aronson,  
           CEFE, CNRS, France & Missouri Botanical Garden. 
                 ja42014@gmail.com  
                      
          Expert workshop: Drylands and Forest & Landscape 
          Restoration  FAO Headquarters, Rome, 28 April, 2016 
              Aichi Biodiv. Target 15: 15% of degraded 
               ecosystems to be “restored” by 2020.  
                    CBD 
                   biodiversity                     
                                          Explicit and clear 
                    ER & RNC               linkages among 
            UNCCD        UNFCCC          objectives of 3 Cs; 
              land        climate       effective ecosystem 
            degradation   change       restoration & RNC are 
                                         the best conduits. 
                                                    
                                         Blignaut, J, J Aronson, R de 
                                           Groot 2014. Ecological 
                                           Engineering 65:54-61. 
                Guiding principles of forest landscape restoration  
                     The ”How” of Restoration Matters 
                     Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is about more than trees 
         • Focus on landscapes 
         • Restore ecological functionality 
         • Allow for multiple benefits 
         • Recognize that a suite of interventions are possible 
         • Involve stakeholders 
         • Tailor to local conditions 
         • Manage adaptively 
         • Avoid conversion of natural ecosystems 
          Based on Maginnis et al. (2005)             Lars Laestadius, GPFLR, Day 1. 
       More good advice from Lars, as summarized this 
       morning by Cesar Sabogal: Are basic terms used coherently?  
    • Ambition (Objectives)               • Restoration, Rehabilitation, 
    • Action (Restoration)                  Reintegration?  
    • Outcomes (Benefits, side effects)   • Degradation (vs. change; 
                                            transformation) 
                                          • Landscape? 
        Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recovery 
        of an ecosystem that was degraded, damaged, or destroyed. 
                                           --Society for Ecological Restoration 
            http://ser.org/resources/resources-detail-view/ser-international-
                                           primer-on-ecological-restoration