324x Filetype PDF File size 0.47 MB Source: professional.diabetes.org
5/16/2018
Translating Nutrition
Guidelines
For primary care visits
Objectives
Primary care staff/providers will be able to identify 3 reliable
evidenced based nutrition resources on
diabetes/prediabetes medical nutrition therapy principles.
Primary care staff/providers can discuss current issues and
fad diet therapy in diabetes medical nutrition therapy.
Primary care staff/providers can identify when to refer
patients for RDN consultation.
What is a “Diabetic Diet”
For patients, it is often what they have last heard from
family, friends, hair salon, or seen on the internet. Ask how
they define it.
There is no “1 size fits all” medical nutrition therapy plan
(MNT) for diabetes
– Based on individualized assessment
– Needs to meet basic nutritional needs as well as treatment goals
– Must include preferences, available resources & cultural influences
– Must maintain the pleasure of eating
ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017; Newsflash DCE 2018 vol 39(1)
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ADA
“…healthy eating can be defined as pattern of
eating a wide variety of high‐quality, nutrient‐
dense foods in quantities that promote
optimal health and wellness.”
Why?
Effectiveness of MNT –Sample of the literature
Source # Studies Type MNT A1c Wt Lipid BP
interventions reduction reduction reduction reduction
AND N=18 (T2) RCTand Energy T2: T2: T2: T2:
Evidence N=3 (T1) non‐ reduction, 3 mos: 0.3‐ 3 mos: 2.4‐ LDL: 8‐22 DBP:3.2‐
Analysis RCT nutrient 2% 6.4 kg mg/dl 2.5 mmHg
Library, trials controlled,
2015 education, 12 mos: 6mos: TG: 15‐153 SBP:
MNT methods 0.6‐1.8% 1.4‐6.2 kg mg/dl 5.3‐9 mm
Hg
T1: 12mos: 2.4
6 mos: 1.0‐ kg
1.9%
ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017
“You get immediate benefits from
eating healthy foods and
exercising…and you get long‐term
benefits”
‐ Martha Morris (Rush Univ Med Ctr)
LA Times, 12/20/17, online edition
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“One should eat to live, not live to eat”
‐Benjamin Franklin
Terminology
Not Possibleinterpretation Recommended
recommended
Diet Perceived that you have to restrict Meal plan, food plan
yourself, or you are overweight
Non‐compliant Failure Involvement
Adhere Obedient Participates
Diabetic Labeled Personwith diabetes
(PWD)
Diabetes Spectrum, vol 31(1):59‐64, Winter 2018; 2017 AADE Media Guide: The Power of Language
Highlights
No ideal distribution of macronutrients has been identified
Based on individual assessment
Institute of Medicine (HMDNAM) Dietary Reference
Intakes:
– Carbohydrate 45‐65% of total calories
– Protein 10‐35% of total calories
– Fat 20‐35% of total calories
ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017
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What is reality?
DRI NHANESfood frequency survey,
respondents with T2 DM
Carb 45‐65% 43%
Pro 10‐35% 16‐18%
Fat 20‐35% 36‐40%
*The frozen dessert theory*
ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017
Reviews
Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for
Americans Advisory Committee –not necessary to eliminate
food groups or adhere to a single dietary pattern of eating
2013 ‐Am J Clinic Nutrition: There may be a range of
beneficial dietary options for people with Type 2 diabetes:
‐Mediterranean approach of 35‐55% carbohydrate was found to show
improvement for CVD risk, and had the largest improvement in
glucose management
ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition, Evert & Franz Editors, 2017
Carbohydrates
DRIs set a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for carbohydrate of at least
130 g/d for adults and children
Definitions (not consistent)
– High carbohydrate diet: >55% of total calories
– Low carbohydrate diet: <25% of total calories (<130 g/d)
limited research on %
make sure nutritional needs are met
for diabetes MNT monitoring ingested carbohydrate (“carb counting”) due to the effects on
insulin utilization/post‐prandial glucose levels has benefits, especially those using bolus
insulin regimes
don’t forget to evaluate other macronutrients / micronutrients
ADA Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes, 3rd Edition,
Evert & Franz Editors, Mac Leod, Franz, Handu, et all, 2017; AND 2017; 117(10):1637‐1658.
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