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AQA
GCSE
9–1
Biology
Teacher Support
Guide
Margaret Royal
Ali Hodgson
References to the textbooks in this teacher resource guide
References to the student textbooks are given in the following style:
■ The first figure or page number always refers to the GCSE Biology book.
■ The numbers in brackets refer to the Combined Science Trilogy books.
■ Where there are two numbers in brackets, the first is for Combined Science Trilogy 1 or 2; the second number
refers to the all-in-one Combined Science Trilogy book.
Use Figure 14.6 (21.4) from page 181 (31; 387) to show …
The figure number The figure number The page number The page number The page number
in the GCSE in the Combined in the GCSE in the Combined in the Combined
Biology book Science Trilogy Biology book Science Trilogy 2 Science Trilogy all-
books book in-one book
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Margaret Royal and Ali Hodgson 2017
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First published in 2017 by
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Typeset in 11.5/13 pt Officina Sans by Aptara, Inc.
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 1471 851186
Contents
Cell biology 1 Answers 44
1 Cell structure 1 Infection and response 49
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes 2 6 Infection and response 49
Animal and plant cells 2 Infectious diseases 50
Cell specialisation 3 Culturing microorganisms (Biology only) 50
Size and scale 4 Diseases 51
Microscopy 5 Human defence systems 51
Required practical 1: Use a light microscope to observe, Vaccination 52
draw and label a selection of plant and animal cells 6 Antibiotics 52
Answers 7Required practical 2: Investigate the effect of
2 Cell division 11 antiseptics or antibiotics on bacterial growth using agar
Chromosomes 11 plates and measuring zones of inhibition (Biology only) 52
Mitosis and the cell cycle 12 Antibiotics and painkillers 53
Stem cells 13 Discovery and development of drugs 53
Stem cell research 13 Answers 54
Answers 147 Monoclonal antibodies (Biology only) 60
3 Transport in cells 17 Monoclonal antibodies 60
Diffusion 17 Answers 61
Diffusion and exchange surfaces 18 8 Plant disease (Biology only) 62
The process of osmosis 19 Identifying plant diseases 62
Required practical 3(2): Investigate the effect of a range Defi ciencies and defences 62
of concentrations of salt or sugar solutions on the Answers 63
mass of plant tissue 19
Active transport 20 Bioenergetics 65
Answers 219 Photosynthesis 65
Organisation 27 Photosynthesis: the products and reactants 65
4 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems 27 The rate of photosynthesis 66
Required practical 6(5): Investigate the effect of light
Levels of organisation and diet 28 intensity on the rate of photosynthesis using an aquatic
Required practical 4(3): Use qualitative reagents to test organism such as pond weed 67
for a range of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins 28 Answers 68
The digestive system 29
Enzymes 2910 Respiration 72
Required practical 5(4): Investigate the effect of pH on Aerobic respiration 72
the rate of reaction of amylase enzyme 31 Anaerobic respiration 73
The heart 31 Anaerobic respiration in plants and microorganisms 73
Blood vessels 32 Metabolism 74
Blood 33Answers 74
Gas exchange systems 33 Homeostasis and response 80
Coronary heart disease 33
Health and disease 34 11 The human nervous system 80
Correlation and causation 35 Homeostasis and the nervous system 80
Cancer 35The refl ex arc 81
Answers 36Required practical 7(6): Plan and carry out an
5 Plant tissues, organs and organ systems 42 investigation into the effect of a factor on human
Plant tissues and organs – the leaf 42 reaction time 82
The root and water uptake 43 The brain (Biology only) 82
Transpiration 44 The eye (Biology only) 83
iii
Sight (Biology only) 83 17 Classifi cation of living organisms 128
Control of body temperature (Biology only) 84 Classifi cation 128
Answers 84Answers 129
12 Hormonal coordination in humans 89 Ecology 132
Hormones and the endocrine system 89
Controlling blood sugar levels 90 18 Adaptations, interdependence and
Maintaining water and nitrogen balance in the body competition 132
(Biology only) 91 Ecology 132
Hormones in human reproduction 93 Abiotic factors 133
Contraception 93 Biotic factors 133
Infertility 93 Adaptations 134
Negative feedback 94 Extreme environments 134
Answers 94Answers 135
13 Plant hormones (Biology only) 100 19 Organisation of an ecosystem 140
Plant hormones 100 Production of biomass 140
Use of plant hormones 101 Feeding relationships 141
Required practical 8: Investigate the effect of light or Required practical 9(7): Use sampling techniques to
gravity on the growth of germinated seedlings 101 investigate the effect of a factor on the distribution of
Answers 102 this species 142
Inheritance, variation and The carbon cycle 143
evolution 105 The water cycle 143
Decomposition (Biology only) 144
14 Reproduction 105 Required practical 10: Investigate the effect of
temperature on the rate of decay of fresh milk by
Meiosis 106 measuring pH change (Biology only) 144
Sexual and asexual reproduction 106 Environmental change (Biology only) 145
DNA and the genome 107 Answers 146
Understanding the human genome 107
Protein synthesis 108 20 Biodiversity and the effect of human
Mutations 108 interaction on ecosystems 150
Genetic inheritance 109 Biodiversity 150
Monohybrid crosses 109 Waste 151
Genetic disorders 109 Land use 151
Sex determination 110 Peat bogs 152
Answers 110 Global warming 152
15 Variation 114 Answers 152
Variation 114 21 Trophic levels in an ecosystem
Selective breeding 115 (Biology only) 158
Genetic modifi cation 115 Trophic levels 158
Benefi ts and risks of genetic engineering 116 Pyramids of biomass and transfer of biomass 159
Cloning (Biology only) 116 Answers 159
Answers 117 22 Food production (Biology only) 161
16 The development of understanding of Factors affecting food security 161
genetics and evolution 121 Sustainable fi sheries 162
Evolution (Biology only) 121 Role of biotechnology 162
Mendel and inheritance (Biology only) 122 Answers 163
Fossils 123
Extinction 123
Antibiotic resistance 123
Answers 124
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