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aqa gcse 9 1 biology teacher support guide margaret royal ali hodgson references to the textbooks in this teacher resource guide references to the student textbooks are given in the ...

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                  AQA
                  GCSE
                  9–1
                   Biology
                  Teacher Support 
                       Guide
                      Margaret Royal 
                       Ali Hodgson
                 References to the textbooks in this teacher resource guide
                 References to the student textbooks are given in the following style:
                 ■  The first figure or page number always refers to the GCSE Biology book. 
                 ■  The numbers in brackets refer to the Combined Science Trilogy books. 
                 ■  Where there are two numbers in brackets, the first is for Combined Science Trilogy 1 or 2; the second number 
                     refers to the all-in-one Combined Science Trilogy book. 
                                   Use Figure 14.6 (21.4) from page 181 (31; 387) to show …
                    The figure number  The figure number  The page number The page number  The page number 
                    in the GCSE         in the Combined      in the GCSE       in the Combined     in the Combined 
                    Biology book        Science Trilogy      Biology book      Science Trilogy 2   Science Trilogy all-
                                        books                                  book                in-one book
                 Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of 
                 going to press, Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website 
                 mentioned in this book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the 
                 address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser.
                 Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and 
                 made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are 
                 expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
                 Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB.
                 Telephone: +44 (0)1235 827720. Fax: +44 (0)1235 400454. Lines are open 9.00a.m.–5.00p.m., 
                 Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.
                 hoddereducation.co.uk
                    Margaret Royal and Ali Hodgson 2017
                 ©
                 First published in 2017 by
                 Hodder Education,
                 An Hachette UK Company
                 Carmelite House
                 50 Victoria Embankment
                 London EC4Y 0DZ
                 Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
                 Year 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 
                 All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this 
                 publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or 
                 mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage 
                 and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from 
                 the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic 
                 reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 
                 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
                 Typeset in 11.5/13 pt Officina Sans by Aptara, Inc.
                 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
                 ISBN 978 1471 851186
                                                                                                                                        
            Contents
            Cell biology                                             1 Answers 44
            1 Cell structure                                         1 Infection and response                                    49
            Eukaryotes and prokaryotes                                2   6 Infection and response                                49
            Animal and plant cells                                    2   Infectious diseases                                     50
            Cell specialisation                                       3   Culturing microorganisms (Biology only)                 50
            Size and scale                                            4   Diseases                                                51
            Microscopy 5 Human defence systems                                                                                    51
            Required practical 1: Use a light microscope to observe,      Vaccination 52
            draw and label a selection of plant and animal cells      6   Antibiotics                                             52
            Answers 7Required practical 2: Investigate the effect of 
            2 Cell division                                         11    antiseptics or antibiotics on bacterial growth using agar 
            Chromosomes 11 plates and measuring zones of inhibition (Biology only) 52
            Mitosis and the cell cycle                               12   Antibiotics and painkillers                             53
            Stem cells                                               13   Discovery and development of drugs                      53
            Stem cell research                                       13   Answers 54
            Answers 147 Monoclonal antibodies (Biology only)                                                                      60
            3 Transport in cells                                    17    Monoclonal antibodies                                   60
            Diffusion 17 Answers 61
            Diffusion and exchange surfaces                          18   8 Plant disease (Biology only)                          62
            The process of osmosis                                   19   Identifying plant diseases                              62
            Required practical 3(2): Investigate the effect of a range    Defi ciencies and defences                               62
            of concentrations of salt or sugar solutions on the           Answers 63
            mass of plant tissue                                     19
            Active transport                                         20   Bioenergetics                                          65
            Answers 219 Photosynthesis                                                                                            65
            Organisation 27 Photosynthesis: the products and reactants                                                            65
            4 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems   27               The rate of photosynthesis                              66
                                                                          Required practical 6(5): Investigate the effect of light 
            Levels of organisation and diet                          28   intensity on the rate of photosynthesis using an aquatic 
            Required practical 4(3): Use qualitative reagents to test     organism such as pond weed                              67
            for a range of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins        28   Answers 68
            The digestive system                                     29
            Enzymes 2910 Respiration                                                                                              72
            Required practical 5(4): Investigate the effect of pH on      Aerobic respiration                                     72
            the rate of reaction of amylase enzyme                   31   Anaerobic respiration                                   73
            The heart                                                31   Anaerobic respiration in plants and microorganisms  73
            Blood vessels                                            32   Metabolism                                              74
            Blood 33Answers 74
            Gas exchange systems                                     33   Homeostasis and response                               80
            Coronary heart disease                                   33
            Health and disease                                       34   11 The human nervous system                             80
            Correlation and causation                                35   Homeostasis and the nervous system                      80
            Cancer 35The refl ex arc                                                                                               81
            Answers 36Required practical 7(6): Plan and carry out an 
            5 Plant tissues, organs and organ systems               42    investigation into the effect of a factor on human 
            Plant tissues and organs – the leaf                      42   reaction time                                           82
            The root and water uptake                                43   The brain (Biology only)                                82
            Transpiration 44 The eye (Biology only)                                                                               83
                                                                                                                                      iii
             Sight (Biology only)                                  83   17 Classifi cation of living organisms               128
          
             Control of body temperature (Biology only)            84   Classifi cation                                       128
             Answers 84Answers 129
             12 Hormonal coordination in humans                    89   Ecology                                            132
             Hormones and the endocrine system                     89
             Controlling blood sugar levels                        90   18 Adaptations, interdependence and 
             Maintaining water and nitrogen balance in the body         competition                                         132
             (Biology only)                                        91   Ecology                                              132
             Hormones in human reproduction                        93   Abiotic factors                                      133
             Contraception                                         93   Biotic factors                                       133
             Infertility                                           93   Adaptations                                          134
             Negative feedback                                     94   Extreme environments                                 134
             Answers 94Answers 135
             13 Plant hormones (Biology only)                    100    19 Organisation of an ecosystem                     140
             Plant hormones                                       100   Production of biomass                                140
             Use of plant hormones                                101   Feeding relationships                                141
             Required practical 8: Investigate the effect of light or   Required practical 9(7): Use sampling techniques to 
             gravity on the growth of germinated seedlings        101   investigate the effect of a factor on the distribution of 
             Answers 102 this species                                                                                        142
             Inheritance, variation and                                 The carbon cycle                                     143
             evolution 105 The water cycle                                                                                   143
                                                                        Decomposition (Biology only)                         144
             14 Reproduction                                     105    Required practical 10: Investigate the effect of 
                                                                        temperature on the rate of decay of fresh milk by 
             Meiosis                                              106   measuring pH change (Biology only)                   144
             Sexual and asexual reproduction                      106   Environmental change (Biology only)                  145
             DNA and the genome                                   107   Answers 146
             Understanding the human genome                       107
             Protein synthesis                                    108   20 Biodiversity and the effect of human 
             Mutations                                            108   interaction on ecosystems                           150
             Genetic inheritance                                  109   Biodiversity                                         150
             Monohybrid crosses                                   109   Waste                                                151
             Genetic disorders                                    109   Land use                                             151
             Sex determination                                    110   Peat bogs                                            152
             Answers 110 Global warming                                                                                      152
             15 Variation                                        114    Answers 152
             Variation                                            114   21 Trophic levels in an ecosystem 
             Selective breeding                                   115   (Biology only)                                      158
             Genetic modifi cation                                 115   Trophic levels                                       158
             Benefi ts and risks of genetic engineering            116   Pyramids of biomass and transfer of biomass          159
             Cloning (Biology only)                               116   Answers 159
             Answers 117 22 Food production (Biology only)                                                                  161
             16 The development of understanding of                     Factors affecting food security                      161
             genetics and evolution                              121    Sustainable fi sheries                                162
             Evolution (Biology only)                             121   Role of biotechnology                                162
             Mendel and inheritance (Biology only)                122   Answers 163
             Fossils 123
             Extinction 123
             Antibiotic resistance                                123
             Answers 124
           iv
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...Aqa gcse biology teacher support guide margaret royal ali hodgson references to the textbooks in this resource student are given following style first figure or page number always refers book numbers brackets refer combined science trilogy books where there two is for second all one use from show although every effort has been made ensure that website addresses correct at time of going press hodder education cannot be held responsible content any mentioned it sometimes possible find a relocated web by typing address home url window your browser hachette uk s policy papers natural renewable and recyclable products wood grown sustainable forests logging manufacturing processes expected conform environmental regulations country origin orders please contact bookpoint ltd milton park abingdon oxon ox sb telephone fax lines open m p monday saturday with hour message answering service visit our www hoddereducation co published an company carmelite house victoria embankment london ecy dz impre...

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