Contrastive Analysis and Error Analysis 
                      
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
                      
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                    Contrastive Analysis and Error Analysis 
                               
          
          
          
                 Contrastive Analysis and 
                       Error Analysis 
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
          
                        Bejo Sutrisno, M.Pd 
                               
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                                       Contrastive Analysis and Error Analysis 
                                                                
              
             Contents: 
              
             Unit  1   Contrastive Analysis .................................................................... 3 
             Unit  2   The Examples of  Contrastive Analysis .....................................   8 
             Unit   3   Sentence structure   ................................................................... 21                      
             Unit   4   Subject prominence in English and –nya in Indonesian  .........   26 
             Unit   5    Error Analysis .........................................................................  32 
             Unit   6    Concept of Error Analysis  ......................................................  40 
             Unit   7    Types or Error 49 
             Unit   8  The Objective of Error Analysis  ..............................................  55 
             Unit   9  The Importance of Conducting Error Analysis .......................... 64   
             Unit  10   Model of implementing Error Analysis ..................................   67 
              
             Referencies .............................................................................................  77 
                                                                           
              
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
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                Contrastive Analysis and Error Analysis 
                        
                     Unit 1 
                Contrastive Analysis 
        
        
       INTRODUCTION 
       Teaching English to the Indonesian students is not as difficult as most 
       people imagine. There is a strong belief that almost every one can do it. 
       The  experience  has  clearly  indicated  that  the  ideas  of  “Contrastive 
       Analysis”  play  a  very  decisive  role  and  contribute  very  much  to  the 
       successful of doing this (Koencoro, 2006). Contrastive analysis has been 
       regarded as main pillars in the domain of second or foreign language 
       acquisition especially in Indonesia. Yet, not many English teachers know 
       much about this term and it seems they have found difficulties related to 
       how to conduct a simple contrastive analysis of Indonesian and English 
       language. 
        
       A. Contrastive Analysis 
       Contrastive  analysis  in  general  term  is  an  inductive  investigative 
       approach based on the distinctive elements in a language (Kardaleska, 
       2006). In common definition, the term can be defined as the method of 
       analyzing the structure of any two languages with a view to estimate the 
       differential aspects of their system, irrespective or their genetic affinity 
       of level development (Geethakumary, 2006). 
       Contrastive Analysis of two languages in question: L1 and L2, pointing 
       at  the  specific  features  of  each  language  system  (in  its  major  areas: 
       phonology, morphology, lexicology, syntax, text analysis) helps in the 
       process of anticipation of possible difficulties with the L2 learners. A 
                        
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