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CHAPTER 3 FINAL QUIZ
Answer Key
1. Write the number of phonemes in each word below.
fix 4 squawked 6 rough 3
pinch 4 wrestle 4 or 5 squelch 6
outbox 6 neighbor 4 though 2
splurge 5 exist 6 dangle 5 or 6
2. Write the following words in phonetic transcription showing the surface features including the
schwa, aspirated voiceless stops, and nazalized vowels.
Thomas tɑ˜məs thought θɔt
throng θrɔ˜ŋ anger ˜ŋg
lunged l˜nd smothered smðd
language l˜ŋgwə usual juuəl
squawked skwɔkt snatched snt
3. a. How does phonology differ from phonetics?
Phonology is the study of the speech sound system and includes much more than
phonetics, which is the specific science of speech sound perception and production.
Phonology includes the study of how sounds can be sequenced and combined in a
language system and how stress is applied in longer words.
b. What is an allophone?
An allophone is a variant of a phoneme that is produced automatically as sounds are
combined in speech, but that does not signal a new word.
c. Give an example of an allophone type.
The tongue flap in words such as water; the deaspirated /t/ in stay; and the affricated /t/ in trick.
d. At the level of phonology, what is a syllable?
A syllable is a unit of speech organized around a vowel.
e. What are the mandatory and optional components in a syllable?
Vowels are mandatory; consonants are optional.
4. What does each set of spelling errors below have in common?
a. thrift/thrivft thirty/thirdy published/puplished
Voicing substitutions
CHAPTER 3 ANSWER KEY 1
Answer Keys for Speech to Print Workbook: Language Exercises for Teachers,
Second Edition, by Louisa Cook Moats and Bruce L. Rosow. FINAL QUIZ
© 2011 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. • 800-638-3775 • www.brookespublishing.com
CHAPTER 3 ANSWER KEY(continued)
b. transplant/transplat bumpy/bupy haunted/hotid
Nasal consonant omission after a vowel and before a following consonant
c. sprint/sprin equipment/equiment investment/invesment
Omission of a consonant in a sequence of similarly articulated consonants
d. first/frist clothes/colthes flutter/futter
Liquid confusion
5. a. What is phonemic awareness (PA)?
PA is the conscious awareness of, and ability to manipulate, the individual phonemes
in a spoken word.
b. Why is PA essential for learning to read an alphabetic script?
The letters of an alphabetic orthography roughly represent the phonemes in words.
Mapping (the alphabetic principle) depends on the ability to create “parking spots” for
the graphemes.
c. In the following chart, identify areas that may be slippery for students with weakness in PA in
the words given. Then, create minimal pair chains to teach PA using these words.
Word Slippery areas Minimal pair chain
stamp Initial consonant blend; ending nasal am, amp, tamp, stamp, stam, sam
blend. Nasalized vowel.
shrink Initial blend with liquid /r/; ending ink, sink, sing, ring, rink, shrink
nasal blend. Nasalized vowel.
blast Initial blend with /l/; final blend; lass, pass, past, last, blast
deaspirated voiceless stop.
6. For the following words, mark the accented syllable with Ʌ and mark any schwa vowels with ə.
elɅephant cotɅton calɅi brate demoɅcracy bufɅfalo
7. Fill in these blank consonant and vowel charts from memory.
Tongue Tongue
between behind Roof of Back of
Lips Lips/teeth teeth teeth mouth mouth Throat
Stops /p/ /t/ /k/
/b/ /d/ /g/
Nasals /m/ /n/ /ng/
Fricatives /f/ /th/ /s/ /sh/
/v/ /th/ /z/ /zh/
2 CHAPTER 3 ANSWER KEY
Answer Keys for Speech to Print Workbook: Language Exercises for Teachers,
FINAL QUIZ Second Edition, by Louisa Cook Moats and Bruce L. Rosow.
© 2011 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. • 800-638-3775 • www.brookespublishing.com
CHAPTER 3 ANSWER KEY(continued)
Affricates /ch/
/j/
Glides /wh/ /h/
/y/ /w/
Liquids /l/
/r/
English Vowels, by Order of Articulation (Phonetic Symbols)
i ə u ju
i υ
e o
ε ɔ
ɑj εr
ɑ
ɔj ɑr
w or
8. a. Describe the development of phonological skills.
The development of PA progresses from awareness of larger units of speech (words,
syllables, onsets, and rimes) to the smallest units (phonemes) that distinguish words. It
involves progressive differentiation of the internal details of spoken words from initial, to
final, to medial sounds.
b. Why is PA so important in learning to read?
PA allows the learner to accurately and quickly map written graphemes to the speech code
and construct memories for words. Without PA, a learner has no Velcro or anchor on which
to attach the graphemes in print. Scientific evidence is very strong that 1) PA predicts early
reading acquisition; 2) PA distinguishes good from poor readers; and 3) instruction in PA
facilitates reading and spelling growth, especially in children who do not come by this
insight naturally and easily.
CHAPTER 3 ANSWER KEY 3
Answer Keys for Speech to Print Workbook: Language Exercises for Teachers,
Second Edition, by Louisa Cook Moats and Bruce L. Rosow. FINAL QUIZ
© 2011 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. All rights reserved. • 800-638-3775 • www.brookespublishing.com
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