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European Journal of Educational Research
Volume 4, Issue 1, 38 - 47.
ISSN: 2165-8714
http://www.eu-jer.com/
E-Learning as a Teaching Strategy Actively Used in FATIH Project
Selami Eryilmaz * Hayati Adalar Abdullah Icinak
Gazi University, TURKEY Gazi University, TURKEY Ministry of Education, TURKEY
Abstract: The changes and innovations in information and communication technologies influence the economic and social lives of
the societies to a great degree. The countries accordingly take new decisions to benefit effectively from these technologies. The new
media system scrolling traditional educational paradigms has also required changes in educational systems. Thanks to the new
media-equipped education system in which equality of facility and opportunity parallel to world standards is provided and
technologic improvement is individualized, a new generation student profile will emerge who has global competitive skill and
individual conscious and awareness. The new generation student profile has to carry the skills of problem solving, using the
language eloquently, creativity, critical thinking, life-long learning, media, technology and information literacy, social responsibility
and teamwork. Notebooks, projectors and internet infrastructure are aimed to provide for the six hundred thousand classes of all the
schools in preschools, primary-elementary and high schools to ensure equality of opportunity, amend the technology in schools and
make it possible to use more effective use of CT media in teaching-learning process, which will address more senses. The studies on
the issue are still continuing. This study is based on qualitative research methods and techniques in which scanning model is used.
The actual case has been presented by doing examinations on FATIH project, Turkish education system, teaching strategies used, e-
learning and management information systems and a study is executed on teaching strategies of FATIH project in the light of this
information.
Keywords: Teaching strategies, learning management, information system, e-learning, FATIH project
To cite this article: Eryilmaz, S., Adalar, H. & Icinak, A. (2015). E-Learning as a Teaching Strategy Actively Used in FATIH Project.
European Journal of Educational Research, 4(1), 38-47. doi: 10.12973/eu-jer.4.1.38
Introduction learners’ attention and it facilitates different learning
The new media system scrolling the traditional experiences. It also makes the learners active, creative,
educational paradigms has also required changes in sophisticated and well-behaved individuals in a global
educational systems. Thanks to the new media- network. In today’s world, many students are
equipped education system in which equality of facility intertwined to technology. This enables them to have a
and opportunity parallel to world standards is 7/24 mobile access to information and sources,
provided and technologic improvement is develop a multimedia content and share them with the
individualized, a new generation student profile will world. It also paves the way to participate in online
emerge who has global competitive skill and individual social networks in which all the people share their
conscious and awareness. Many changes and ideas, collaborate and learn new things. Technology,
innovations have been observed in social and economic meanwhile, enables to reach a wider spectrum of
areas in the world throughout 20th and 21st centuries. sources and establish links with a broader community
With the effect of computer technology and later of “educators” involving teachers, families, experts and
internet technology, innovation studies in educational counselors outside the classroom. In the 21st century,
area in the world have been conducted accordingly to it’s important to integrate the skills like critical
these technologies. Traditional classroom thinking, problem solving, working in collaboration
environments have yielded to new learning and multimedia communication to the each learning
environments with the introduction of new media in areas. Instead of being content expert, the learners are
the educational settings. The education limited to only aimed to have the ability to learn more, keep
chalk and blackboard is now getting exchange with motivation high for more learning and be social
information and communication technologies (Tarman network learners wherever and whenever s/he can
& Baytak, 2011). Researchers on education are of the reach the information (Caglar, 2012).
same opinion that new media-equipped education Through the transition to the information society
environments have positive effects on more facilitative today, the importance of well-educated manpower is
teaching and increased learning (Teo & Lee, 2010). emphasized in all the platforms. In this sense it’s so
The modern technology-based learning model of the clear that a society comprising of people who follow
21st century is a new approach attracting all the the developments both in his country and the world,
______________________
* Corresponding author:
Selami Eryilmaz, Gazi University, Turkey
Email: selamieryilmaz@gmail.com
European Journal of Educational Research 39
open to progress, interrogative, effective user of goals and targets of the lesson, learning areas and
information and communication technology is the basic teaching principles and methods (Yoruk, 2013).
component to be a information society. It’s apparent With the introduction of this implementation aiming to
and of utmost importance that the students have 21st raise the quality and efficiency level of education in our
century skills like critical thinking, problem solving, country, new teaching methods adopting active use of
working in collaboration (TUSIAD, 2011). information and communication technologies and
Educational organizations have made changes in their named as web-based or e-learning have become
teaching programmes for the students to be able to get important parameters of this process. Effective use of
better education and show higher success. The most the e-learning and e-teaching strategies especially for
salient one in these changes is e-learning in which the implementation of educational curricula has
information access and transfer is easy. Emerged as an become very important in that FATIH project reaches
alternative to formal education, e-learning is more its goal. In this respect, need for a better understanding
functional as an assistance to existing teaching of e-learning and e-teaching strategies by teachers and
systems. The points missed in traditional classroom in-service training activities for implementation arises.
environments can be taught and reinforced thanks to e- It’s obvious that academic studies should be taken into
learning. Vivid imagining of abstract concepts can be consideration regarding the active use of e-learning in
easier by means of simulation programmes, the system FATIH project to contribute to this need. Upon the
profit. Besides, visual objects and simulations are also literature review, it’s seen there isn’t enough source to
key factors to a permanent learning (Isik & Yagci, be able to meet this need. We have taken these reasons
2011). into consideration and we plan on contributing the
It is obligatory to benefit from the facilities of related literature by our study.
information technologies in all teaching processes to be E-Learning and Main Characteristics
able to transmit the qualified education to wider range E-learning is the name of electronic technology use in
of people equally and effectively. It’s necessary to teaching and learning processes. Since the beginning of
amend the learning and teaching environments by 20th century, information and communication
information technology, increase the opportunities, technologies like cinema films, gramophone, sound
raise the quality level of education and extend the tracks, radio, television, magnetic sound bands by
scope of educational services by taking advantage of which information based on sound and image are
these means. By this way; stored and transferred have been frequently used in-
Course review will be easier class teaching and distance learning. With the
Teaching will be everywhere and every time widespread use of personal notebooks, the term
Learning will be long lasting by using various “computer-based education” and with the common use
materials in multimedia of internet, the term “internet-based education” has
The quality of information technology in our become more common. However, all types of use for
country will rise information and communication technologies in
The equality of opportunity will be possible among teaching and learning are called as “electronic
the families from socio-economically lower and learning” or shortly “e-learning” (Mutlu, 2013).
upper families According to research of Tai (2005), e-learning is
The students will achieve out-of-school activities by defined as education and training delivered by an
means of information technologies. instructor or self-paced from a curriculum database
Method stored on the enterprise local area network This also
The study is based on qualitative research methods and means anything provided, activated or mediated by
techniques in which scanning model is used (Yildirim, electronic technology to reach the determined goals of
2005). The actual case has been presented by doing education. E-learning facilitates learning from the
examinations on FATIH project, Turkish national information delivered electronically. This provides
education system, teaching strategies used in the individualized web-based learning experience and
project, e-learning and a new model proposal is measurable results (Kor, 2008).
presented in the light of this information. Online learning or e-learning is a teaching and learning
Findings process in which learning material is transmitted by
electronic media like text, sound, animated video,
By using “ The Component of Active CT Use in Teaching graphics, schemes and animation in electronic media
Programmes”, one of the components of FATIH project, such as computer, internet technology, TV, mobile
it’s aimed to enable teaching programmes, defined as phone (Özkul, 2011). E-learning is a teaching and
activity, acquisition and student-centered, to have an learning activity in which the teacher and the student
active use of CT media. The basic goal of this do not have to share the same room and time
component is to make possible the use of CT, which is simultaneously.
provided to the class within FATIH project, more E-learning is also defined as learning experiences or
actively in implementation of accordingly prepared formatted education content delivered by electronic
40 ERYILMAZ, ADALAR & ICINAK / E-learning as a Teaching Strategy
technology. Carrying out, managing and supporting of One of the most basic characteristics of e-learning is
the educational activities in e-learning environments is “Socializing the Learner”. The individuals participating
possible with the use of internet technology. The use of in e-learning may have difficulty in feeling in a
multimedia technology and data exchange enables an classroom atmosphere. Therefore as much
easy collaboration (Caglar, 2012). communication media as possible should be used in
What are the differences in the transition from learning so that the learners feel comforted in getting
traditional teaching to e-learning ? The answer of this contact with the instructor and the other learners.
question can be given by comparing the traditional Including some facilities like forum and chat in the e-
teaching and e-learning in learning organizations. learning encourage the communication among the
students. The instructor can also follow the learners
Table 1. The Comparison of Traditional Teaching and easily by these communication media. The instructor
E-Learning can get in touch online with the learners and answer
their questions. The social networks lately popular can
Traditional Teaching E-Learning also be included in e-learning environments. Accounts
in social networks like Twitter and Facebook can be
Teaching the content Learning processes opened for e-learning environment and missing
Classroom-centered Work-centered learning can be compensated by this way (Tozmaz,
2011).
Teacher-centered Student-centered Types of E-Learning
Concerning the educational Concerning each Researchers have formed different concepts frequently
context individual come upon nowadays in accordance with the
Activity-centered Result-based development of Educational Technologies. Below the
modules to be in an e-learning system are listed:
Experts on education Learning counsellors Web-Based Instruction
Synchronized Instruction
Asynchronized Instruction
The comparison in Table 1 clearly shows that each Virtual Instruction
individual is responsible for his own learning process Computer-Based Distance Education
and experience in learning organizations. Each worker Computer-Mediated Communications
must get nourishing information to be able to increase Internet Based/Aided Education
his own efficiency and contribute to his organization Online Education
more. Additionally, if obtaining, distributing and E-Learning
implementation of information are referred as According to Henderson, e-learning has three main
elements of information management, then types figuring how the learning time is planned and
information management becomes faster and more how to get interaction with the others.:
efficient by e-learning. For example, almost all the big
organizations have a webpage. Besides giving 1. Synchronized e-Learning
information about their products and services, the 2. Self-Directed e-Learning
organization page also provides training opportunities 3. Asynchronized e-Learning
for its workers on various topics like customer service, 1. Synchronized E-Learning: In this type of learning, the
sales and marketing. The accessibility of these kind of students from different locations meet an instructor via
information everywhere and every time and the low Internet at the same time. Throughout the
cost of transport makes e-learning more attractive communication, the students are all online. In this
among the organizations. The workers become aware process student-student and student-instructor
of the latest news and announcements concerning their interactions are observed (Tozmaz, 2011). Although
organizations and outer world by use of these pages. both the students and the instructor are in different
It’s inevitable in the next few years that e-learning will locations, this type of learning offers classroom-like
be more important and commonly used in the world of environment as the students hold the same activity at
companies (Yoruk, 2013). the same time. (Tozmaz, 2011). Depending on this, the
The biggest difference of e-learning from the students have the facility to be involved in a much
traditional educational sense is its radical change familiar environment enabling them to feel more
foresight, rather than the technology it has. This comfortable throughout the learning process.
approach is an individual-centered model which gives 2. Self-Directed E-Learning: In this type of learning the
priority to him and encourages in attaining the students process the target material with their own
information. In e-learning, the teacher and the student efforts, in which there is neither students nor
do not have to share the same room and time instructors to interact with (Tozmaz, 2011). CD-DVD
simultaneously during the educational activities (Aytac, based activities and the videos on the net can be given
2003). as an example for this type of learning.
European Journal of Educational Research 41
3. Asynchronized E-Learning: This type of learning is a programs as ECTS or time in which the e-teaching is
mixture of the two techniques mentioned above. The restricted to a certain degree. As a result distance
students meet an instructor via net and get interaction learning is not applied in this system. Concentrated e-
with. However, it is not required to be online at the teaching strategy is completely the implementation of
same time. The students leave messages to each other e-teaching in which developing telecommunication
and their instructors to be answered later. The systems are made use of. It is practicable to apply
students can work on their own while they still interact distance learning in this system. Integrated e- teaching
with the others (Tozmaz, 2011). The materials to be strategy is a system around which all the pedagogical
covered are delivered by small lessons which are elements are located and a minority of 5% is taken a
sequenced as problem solving, simulation and base in education. This is different from the other e-
exercises. teaching implementations (Dogan, 2011).
Thanks to this, the students can directly follow the Lesson Softwares Implemented In Learning
lessons. There is an assessment test at the end of each When searched the required items for computer based
lesson (Tozmaz, 2011). In this type of learning self- instruction, it is understood that it covers a lot of
discipline of the students is very important. As it offers components such as equipment, softwares, laboratory,
a learning environment based on written and visual training of teachers and assistant staff. Lesson software
materials, the students need to have the ability to read is accepted as the most important factor of the other
effectively and write their thoughts about the target items and it is claimed that the success of computer-
material efficiently, which sometimes makes them feel based teaching is directly related to the lesson
stressed. Any of the e-learning types is not better than softwares implemented in learning process (Keser,
the other. All of them are increasingly used (Tozmaz, 1988). When examined the factors which are supposed
2011). to affect the process of computer based instruction, it is
When searched thoroughly, it will be clear that not all stated that the motivation of students, improvement,
institutions in the world offer distance learning; as a interaction, personal differences in learning, the type,
result it is possible to categorize the e-learning carried content and the quality of the lesson program, the
out according to the use of internet. The Organization instructor’s perception, attitude and expectation of the
for Economic Cooperation and Development stresses program, the role of variables, the integration of lesson
on the two types of e-instruction: Web-Supported e- program, the format of the target application at school
Teaching and Web-Based e-Teaching (Dogan, 2011). are all included (Askar, 1991).
Web-Supported e-Teaching: In this type of instruction, In e-learning, there are lesson softwares developed
education in classroom environment is the case. The within the framework of different theories. Private
use of internet at particular time adds a different lesson, Exercise and Simulation, Pedagogical Game and
dimension to the classroom environment. Problem Solving are the most common lesson
Web-Based e-Teaching: The students are required to softwares in Computer Based Teaching (Yalin, 2008).
connect to the sessions, participate in discussions and 1. Private Lesson: According to Yalin, the softwares of
get access to the lecture notes in this type of private lesson are initialized with a detailed
instruction. Except having interaction with each other, introduction arousing interest of the students by giving
it is not compulsory to keep pace with time. general information. Thereafter, each level covers a
Mixed e-Teaching: It is needed to meet the students face serial of activities such as presentation of information,
to face in order to discuss about the lessons and asking questions about the target material, receiving
present projects. At the time of the lesson it is crucial students’ answers and assessing them and giving an
that students are all online. Briefly, this type of appropriate feedback (Yalin, 2008).
instruction carries some patterns of classical classroom In an introduction of a private lesson, the items listed
environment. By the research held by Noir Sur Blanc, below are observed:
the institutions carrying out the e- instruction in Drawing attention
Europe are identified and the percentage of Informing students of the goal
implementation according to the countries is figured Giving instructions about the use of the program
out. As a result, it is noted that the perception of e- Recalling previous information
teaching does not cover the same practices in every Providing a summary or schema including the
institution. When categorized the answers of the general features of the subject matter (Yalin, 2008).
questions to describe this situation, it is seen that three
different types of strategies are placed emphasis on: Tutorial programs tell the subject matter like a teacher,
1. Extensive e-teaching strategy provide a wide range of exercises and motivate
2. Concentrated e-teaching strategy students as well as assessing their achievement. The
3. Integrated e-teaching strategy aim of this program is to create a learning environment
Extensive e-teaching Strategy is the implementation of through one to one interaction between the computer
transmission the e-learning to the educational and the student. The most significant characteristic of
this program is that it enables student to study
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